Animal Models of Benign Essential Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm

2005 ◽  
pp. 253-263
Author(s):  
CRAIG EVINGER ◽  
IRIS S. KASSEM
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Hemifacial Spasm ◽  
Essential Blepharospasm

scholarly journals Botulinum Toxin for Benign Essential Blepharospasm, Hemifacial Spasm and Age-Related Lower Eyelid Entropion

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Carruthers ◽  
Harrison A. Stubbs
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Hemifacial Spasm ◽  
Lower Eyelid ◽  
Essential Blepharospasm ◽  
Age Related

Abstract:Purified botulinum A exotoxin was used in the treatment of forty seven patients with benign essential blepharospasm, 11 patients with hemifacial spasm and 2 patients with age-related entropion. The treatment was effective in all three groups for an average of 3-4 months when symptoms recurred and repeated chemodenervation with toxin was needed. The commonest complication was transient ptosis with an overall frequency of 7.8%. This incidence increased to 11.1% with toxin doses higher than 25 units per orbicularis. The treatment was well accepted by the patients, who were subsequently able to return to pre-blepharospasm lifestyles.

scholarly journals Long-Term Efficacy of Botulinum A Toxin for Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmeet S. Gill ◽  
Stephen P. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Hemifacial Spasm ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Essential Blepharospasm ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Symptoms And Signs ◽  
Facial Dyskinesia

Objective:To determine whether the duration of relief from symptoms in patients with essential blepharospasm (EB) or hemifacial spasm (HFS) who receive serial treatments with botulinum toxin type A (BtA) changes over the long-term.Methods:Retrospective longitudinal comparative analysis. The main outcome measure is the mean duration of relief from symptoms after an injection with BtA. Participants included 34 patients who received 30 or more serial BtA treatments for facial dyskinesia (EB or HFS). Repeated measures and linear regression analyses were used to determine trends and the mean duration of relief from symptoms was compared between early (first ten effective treatments) and late (last ten treatments) sessions in each group.Results:In the EB group (18 patients), the mean duration of relief was 13.5 weeks for the early and 11.4 weeks for the late sessions (P=0.04). In the HFS group (16 patients) the mean duration of relief was 12.4 weeks in both treatment periods (P=0.91). The duration of relief had a small negative correlation with mean late session BtA dose in the EB group (P=0.03) but no correlation in the HFS group (P=0.12).Conclusions:There was a trend towards a decreased duration of relief from symptoms in patients with EB over the long-term, but no changes for HFS. The treatment remains effective in relieving symptoms and signs for both conditions.

Relative absence of psychopathology in benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm

Neurology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Scheidt ◽  
B. Schuller ◽  
O. Rayki ◽  
G. Kommerell ◽  
G. Deuschl
Keyword(s):  
Hemifacial Spasm ◽  
Essential Blepharospasm

scholarly journals Outcome of Injection Botulinum Toxin in Blepharospasm

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Malita Amatya ◽  
Ben Limbu ◽  
Purnima Rajkarnikar ◽  
Hom Bahadur Gurung ◽  
Rohit Saiju
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Hemifacial Spasm ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Essential Blepharospasm ◽  
Meige Syndrome ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Line Treatment

Introduction: Blepharospasm is a condition of involuntary spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle which leads to intermittent or complete closure of the eyelids. Botulinum toxin is the currently recommended first line treatment for such blepharospasm. This study aims to find out the outcome of injection Botulinum toxin Type A in Blepharospasm. Materials and methods:  It was a hospital based, prospective, interventional study conducted on patients diagnosed as Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB), Meige syndrome (MS) and Hemifacial spasm (HFS) by oculoplastic surgeon at Oculoplasty department OPD, Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, from December 2018 to November 2019. After taking all standard precautions for botulinum toxin injections, 6 to 8 sites for injecting 2.5 to 5 IU of the toxin were given. All the patients were evaluated before and after injections according to Jankovic spasm grading and improvement in functional impairment scale and followed on one week, one month, three month and when the symptoms reappeared.  Results: A total of 43 cases which included 32 cases of Benign essential Blepharospasm, 9 Hemifacial spasm and 2 Meige syndrome. The mean Jankovic severity score was 3.51 ± 0.51 (range 3-4). The mean improvement in functional score was 2.60 ± 0.54 (range 1-3), was statistically significant (p-value <0.001).The effective period of injection was 130 ± 20.82 (93 – 189) days.38 patients had repeated injections after reappearance of symptoms. 4 patients had side effects of redness and hematoma at one site.  Conclusion: This study concludes that Botulinum toxin type A is effective in the management of Benign essential blepharospasm, Hemifacial spasm and Meige syndrome. This along with a good safety profile justifies its role as a first line treatment therapy in blepharospasm. However, it is a temporary treatment option where the effect lasts for a short period of time and repeated injections are required.

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