The state and silvicultural demands in beech forests of northeast Serbia were studied in the economic regions of Severni Kucaj, Timok and Juzni Kucaj, and in the region of the National Park Djerdap. The detailed analysis of state forests was performed: representation of beech forests according to silvicultural form, origin, age structure, stand state and productivity Average volume in high beech forests of 218 m3 x ha?1 is for about 5% lower than the average in Serbia (207.2 m3 x ha?1), and it amounts to 87% of the optimal volume of beech forests in Serbia. Volume increment of 4.5 m3?ha?1 is approximate to the average increment of high beech forests in Serbia, and it amounts to 75% of the optimal value. The average volume of coppice beech forests of 150 m3?ha?1 is 60% of the optimal volume of beech forests in Serbia The age structure is unfavourable, because the percentage of well conserved mature stands is only about 8%. Unplanned regeneration has started on about 15% of the area. Middle-aged and maturing stands account for more than 3/4 of the total area (80%). Stand state of beech forests in this region can be assessed as close to unsatisfactory, if the criteria are conservation, origin, vitality, and also the health state Based on the above state, the concrete silvicultural demands for each silvicultural situation were determined and the silvicultural measures were proposed aiming at their rational utilisation and improvement of forest state: measures aiming at the establishment of new, quality stands and measures aiming at the improvement of the state of existing forests.
Beech forests of Azerbaijan: The modern condition, age structure and regeneration