Self-setting properties and in vitro bioactivity of calcium sulfate hemihydrate–tricalcium silicate composite bone cements

In this study, tricalcium silicate (C3S) calcium/polyphosphate/polyvinyl alcohol organic-inorganic self-setting composites were successfully designed. A variety of tests were conducted to characterize their self-setting properties, mechanical properties, degradation properties, and related biological properties. The composite bone cements showed a short setting time (5.5–37.5 min) with a 5:5–6:4 ratio of C3S/CPP to maintain a stable compressive strength (28 MPa). In addition, PVA effectively reduced the brittleness of the inorganic phase. Degradation experiments confirmed the sustainable surface degradation of bone cement. A maximum degradation rate of 49% was reached within 56 days, and the structure remained intact without collapse. Culturing MC3T3 cells with bone cement extracts revealed that the composite bone cements had excellent biological properties in vitro. The original extract showed a proliferation promotion effect on cells, whereas most of the other original extracts of degradable bone cements were toxic to the cells. Meanwhile, extracellular matrix mineralization and alkaline phosphatase expression showed remarkable effects on cell differentiation. In addition, a good level of adhesion of cells to the surfaces of materials was observed. Taken together, these results indicate that C3S/CPP/PVA composite bone cements have great potential in bone defect filling for fast curing.

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Novel tricalcium silicate/magnesium phosphate composite bone cement having high compressive strength, in vitro bioactivity and cytocompatibility

Acta Biomaterialia ◽

10.1016/j.actbio.2015.04.012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 217-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Wenjuan Liu ◽

Dong Zhai ◽

Zhiguang Huan ◽

Chengtie Wu ◽

Jiang Chang

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Tricalcium Silicate ◽

Magnesium Phosphate ◽

In Vitro Bioactivity ◽

High Compressive Strength ◽

Composite Bone

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Design of novel organic–inorganic composite bone cements with high compressive strength, in vitro bioactivity and cytocompatibility

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials ◽

10.1002/jbm.b.34330 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 107 (7) ◽

pp. 2365-2377 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mizhi Ji ◽

Zhengwen Ding ◽

Hong Chen ◽

Haitao Peng ◽

Yonggang Yan

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Bone Cements ◽

In Vitro Bioactivity ◽

High Compressive Strength ◽

Inorganic Composite ◽

Composite Bone

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Study on physicochemical properties and in vitro bioactivity of tricalcium silicate–calcium carbonate composite bone cement

Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine ◽

10.1007/s10856-008-3423-4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 19 (8) ◽

pp. 2913-2918 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Zhiguang Huan ◽

Jiang Chang

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Tricalcium Silicate ◽

In Vitro Bioactivity ◽

Composite Bone

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Tetracalcium Phosphate/Monetite/Calcium Sulfate Hemihdrate Biocement Powder Mixtures Prepared by the One-Step Synthesis for Preparation of Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Biocement-Properties and In Vitro Evaluation

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14092137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2137

Author(s):

Lubomir Medvecky ◽

Maria Giretova ◽

Radoslava Stulajterova ◽

Lenka Luptakova ◽

Tibor Sopcak

Keyword(s):

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Powder Mixtures ◽

Liquid Component ◽

Tetracalcium Phosphate ◽

Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite ◽

One Step ◽

Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate

A modified one-step process was used to prepare tetracalcium phosphate/monetite/calcium sulfate hemihydrate powder cement mixtures (CAS). The procedure allowed the formation of monetite and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) in the form of nanoparticles. It was hypothesized that the presence of nanoCSH in small amounts enhances the in vitro bioactivity of CAS cement in relation to osteogenic gene markers in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The CAS powder mixtures with 15 and 5 wt.% CSH were prepared by milling powder tetracalcium phosphate in an ethanolic solution of both orthophosphoric and sulfuric acids. The CAS cements had short setting times (around 5 min). The fast setting of the cement samples after the addition of the liquid component (water solution of NaH2PO4) was due to the partial formation of calcium sulfate dihydrate and hydroxyapatite before soaking in SBF with a small change in the original phase composition in cement powder samples after milling. Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite biocement was produced by soaking of cement samples after setting in simulated body fluid (SBF). The fast release of calcium ions from CAS5 cement, as well as a small rise in the pH of SBF during soaking, were demonstrated. After soaking in SBF for 7 days, the final product of the cement transformation was nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. The compressive strength of the cement samples (up to 30 MPa) after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF) was comparable to that of bone. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed statistically significant higher gene expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteonectin (ON) and osteopontin (OP) in cells cultured for 14 days in CAS5 extract compared to CSH-free cement. The addition of a small amount of nanoCSH (5 wt.%) to the tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP)/monetite cement mixture significantly promoted the over expression of osteogenic markers in MSCs. The prepared CAS powder mixture with its enhanced bioactivity can be used for bone defect treatment and has good potential for bone healing.

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Assessment of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate/nanocellulose composite bone graft material for bone healing in a rabbit femoral condyle model

Materials Express ◽

10.1166/mex.2021.2060 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1497-1504

Author(s):

Jinlong Liu ◽

Yicai Zhang ◽

Lin Qiu ◽

Yujuan Zhang ◽

Bin Gao

Keyword(s):

Bone Graft ◽

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Femoral Condyle ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Graft Material ◽

Bone Graft Material ◽

Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate ◽

Composite Bone

The material properties of nanocellulose (NC) can effectively enhance the structural stability of composite materials. However, the research related to NC/α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) composites is largely lacking. In this paper, we explore the combination of these two materials and determine their elaborate biological activities in vivo. Using α-CSH as the matrix, the composite bone graft materials were produced according to different proportions of NC. Then the mechanical strength of the composite bone graft was measured, and the results were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To conduct the material in vivo evaluation, 0% (CN0) and 0.75% (CN0.75) NC/α-CSH composite bone graft materials were implanted into a femoral condyle defect model. The results indicated that NC could significantly enhance the mechanical properties of α-CSH. The SEM analysis indicated that the NC shuttled between the crystal gaps and formed a three-dimensional network structure, which was firmly combined with the crystal structure. Meanwhile, the CN0.75 scaffold remained at 12 weeks postoperation, which provided a long-term framework for new bone formation. Overall, our findings demonstrate that, with a 0.75% NC/α-CSH composite demonstrating good potential as a bone graft material for clinical bone grafting.

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