Perturbation Solutions of the Boussinesq Equation for Horizontal Flow in Finite and Semi-Infinite Aquifers

The UK Water Industry first became interested in Reed Bed Treatment Systems for sewage in 1985. Early problems were experienced with soil-based horizontal-flow systems of the Root Zone type. The problems were overcome by national co-ordination of a development programme and international co-operation by an EC Expert Contact Group. A number of different types of systems have now been developed and the systems are now being accepted. The paper reviews the development of these systems for secondary and tertiary treatment and nitrification and mentions development of systems for other forms of treatment. The design changes made to overcome the problems are described. These include the gradual move to the use of gravel-based systems because of the difficulty experienced with over-land flow in the soil systems. The sizing of the systems is described together with performance data for the original horizontal-flow and the more recently developed vertical-flow systems. Treatment at secondary and tertiary levels is illustrated and the potential for nitrification. Early problems with reed growth have been overcome by planting with port-grown seedlings. After 10 years the process is generally accepted by the Water Industry as an appropriate treatment for villages and there are now between 200 and 300 systems in operation.

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Up-flow roughing filtration: rehabilitation of a water treatment plant in Tarata, Bolivia

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0346 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (9) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ana María Ingallinella ◽

Luis María Stecca ◽

Martin Wegelin

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Horizontal Flow ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Sand Filters ◽

Chemical Products ◽

Made In

This paper presents the methodology used for the rehabilitation of the pretreatment stage in a water treatment plant for a village located in Bolivia which has 3500 inhabitants. The treatment plant was initially composed by horizontal-flow roughing filters and slow sand filters, but due to the high contents of colloidal turbidity of the providing source, it did not work properly. A plan of rehabilitation was made which comprised laboratory tests, pilot tests and proposal of modifications based on the results of previous stages. The laboratory tests were made in order to find the optimum conditions to coagulate the raw water. It was found that horizontal-flow roughing filters must be turned into up-flow roughing filters, so a pilot plant was built and was operated for three months in order to find suitable design parameters. The results obtained obtained during the operation of the pilot plant and the proposal of modifications are presented. The results of operation of the final plant, which are also reported, demonstrated the advantages of the up-flow roughing filtration as a pretreatment stage when it is necessary to add chemical products in small treatment plants.

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Pilot-plant experiments for improvement of polluted canal/klong water by rock-bed filtration

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0300 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 83-90

Author(s):

Shigeo Fujii ◽

Chiaki Niwa ◽

Mitsuo Mouri ◽

Ranjna Jindal

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Pilot Plant ◽

Horizontal Flow ◽

Removal Mechanism ◽

Soluble Organic Matter ◽

Filter Media ◽

Canal Water ◽

Rock Bed ◽

One Year ◽

Filtration Technique

Applicability of the rock-bed filtration technique was investigated through pilot-plant experiments in Bangkok, Thailand. Polluted canal water was used as horizontal flow influent to two reactor channels filled with rocks. During one year operation, HRT, filter media, and aeration mode, were changed in several runs. The results showed that 1) the rock-bed filtration with aeration and the HRT more than 6 h can successfully improve polluted klong water by reducing the pollutants (e.g. 60-120mg/L of SS to 20-40 mg/L and 15-30 mg/L of BOD to 5-20 mg/L); 2) main removal mechanism seems to be the sedimentation resulting from the settleability enhanced by aeration, and the biofilm attached onto rocks also works in the reduction of soluble organic matter; 3) a combination of three rock sizes arranged in descending order showed best results; 4) longer HRT (13 h) produces better effluent but is not so effective if it exceeds 9 hours; 5) 60-70% of sediment IL was decomposed in a year, and porosity in rock beds reduced approximately 16%.

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Performance Analysis of Simulated Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands for Treatment of Chromium Bearing Wastewater

Science & Technology Journal ◽

10.22232/stj.2016.04.01.03 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 24-30

Author(s):

Jeet Basa ◽

◽

Shubam Gupta ◽

Ayush Khandelwal ◽

Praveen Rosario ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Analysis ◽

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Horizontal Flow

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Study of slug characteristics for two-phase horizontal flow

Computer Standards & Interfaces ◽

10.1016/s0920-5489(99)92000-7 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 118-119 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Marcano ◽

X.T. Chen ◽

C. Sarica ◽

J.P. Brill

Keyword(s):

Horizontal Flow ◽

Two Phase

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Multi-symplectic method for generalized Boussinesq equation

Applied Mathematics and Mechanics ◽

10.1007/s10483-008-0711-3 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 927-932 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wei-peng Hu ◽

Zi-chen Deng

Keyword(s):

Boussinesq Equation ◽

Symplectic Method ◽

Generalized Boussinesq Equation

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Analytical mathematical schemes: Circular rod grounded via transverse Poisson’s effect and extensive wave propagation on the surface of water

Open Physics ◽

10.1515/phys-2020-0163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 545-554

Author(s):

Asghar Ali ◽

Aly R. Seadawy ◽

Dumitru Baleanu

Keyword(s):

Wave Propagation ◽

Partial Differential Equations ◽

Differential Equations ◽

Longitudinal Wave ◽

Symbolic Computation ◽

Boussinesq Equation ◽

Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations ◽

Wave Model ◽

Simple Equation ◽

Partial Differential

AbstractThis article scrutinizes the efficacy of analytical mathematical schemes, improved simple equation and exp(-\text{Ψ}(\xi ))-expansion techniques for solving the well-known nonlinear partial differential equations. A longitudinal wave model is used for the description of the dispersion in the circular rod grounded via transverse Poisson’s effect; similarly, the Boussinesq equation is used for extensive wave propagation on the surface of water. Many other such types of equations are also solved with these techniques. Hence, our methods appear easier and faster via symbolic computation.

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