Introduction:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic required strict social distancing to curb transmission. Unfortunately, these measures severely limited healthcare access and chronic disease management. In response, many health organizations rapidly developed or expanded telemedicine to provide care directly to patients at home. Little has been reported about the impact of such interventions on clinical outcomes during COVID19. We examined whether enrollment in a remote patient monitoring (RPM) program for hypertension (HTN) prior to COVID19 was associated with improved blood pressure during the pandemic.
Methods:
We developed an RPM program that tracked vital signs, medication side effects, and treatment adherence patterns outside of the clinic. Patients were referred by their primary care doctor for uncontrolled HTN or suspected white coat HTN. Patients received a two-way tablet, blood pressure cuff, and virtual nursing support via scheduled video visits. Those referred for uncontrolled HTN who had at least two weeks of data both before and after the onset of COVID19 (defined as the first two weeks of March 2020) were included in the study. A mixed-models analysis that adjusted for serial autocorrelation was used to compare mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the pre-/post-COVID19 periods.
Results:
Of 94 patients enrolled in the RPM program to date, 46 had at least two weeks of data both pre-COVID19 and post-COVID19. Mean age was 69.0 ± 10.9 years, 69.6% (32 of 46) were women, 78.3% (36 of 46) were Hispanic, and 63.0% (29 of 46) were Spanish-speaking. Pre-COVID, mean SBP was 132.31 ± 13.99 mmHg, mean DBP was 77.10 ± 9.87 mmHg, and 70% (32 of 46) of patients had uncontrolled BP (>130/80 mmHg per AHA guidelines). Post-COVID, mean SBP was 129.57 ± 13.29 mmHg, mean DBP was 76.00 ± 9.16 mmHg, and 57% (26 of 46) of patients had uncontrolled BP. There was a significant reduction in both mean SBP (β = –2.74, 95% CI –5.21, –0.26, p = 0.03) and mean DBP (β = –1.10, 95% CI –2.22, 0.02, p = 0.05) post-COVID vs. pre-COVID.
Discussion:
Despite the stress and social isolation associated with COVID19, participation in an RPM program that combines home BP monitoring with virtual nursing support can help maintain and even mildly decrease BP.