Orbitofrontal cortex subregion inhibition during binge-like and aversion-resistant alcohol drinking

Alcohol ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Schuh ◽  
Elizabeth A. Sneddon ◽  
Austin M. Nader ◽  
Marissa A. Muench ◽  
Anna K. Radke
2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Pritchard ◽  
Erin N. Nedderman ◽  
Erin M. Edwards ◽  
Andrew C. Petticoffer ◽  
Gary J. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 282-289
Author(s):  
Daisuke Kawakita ◽  
Michi Sawabe ◽  
Keitaro Matsuo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Malechwanzi

Alcohol drinking among young people is a major global public health concern. The situation has been aggravated further by the advent of the internet and subsequent development of social media as a tool for online alcohol marketing. Measures that aim at reducing substance abuse is a stride towards “2030 Agenda” for sustainable development goal number 3 set by the United Nation General Assembly. In this goal, attention is not only drawn to health and wellbeing but also to prevention and treatment of substance abuse. This descriptive study sought to find out the prevalence of alcohol advertisements on social media and its possible influence on alcohol drinking among Kenya’s higher vocational college students. Based on a field survey conducted in Nairobi (n=209), this study established that there was heavy presence of alcohol advertisements on social media scene in Kenya. Although statistically, there was huge gender disparity, the final results showed that there was significant association between alcohol ads on social media and college student’s possible alcohol drinking habits. This study concludes that there was heavy presence of alcohol ads on social media, and the likelihood of youth having unrestricted access to the alcoholic beverage products. This could have a far-reaching implication on their alcohol drinking habits. Therefore, the study recommends the stakeholders in public health promotions to formulate policies aimed at mitigating against the challenges posed by unrestricted access to online alcohol ads by the youth in order to prevent them from being lured into early alcohol drinking by the alcoholic beverage makers.  Keywords: Alcohol abuse; Influence; Online ads; Youth; Kenya


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P H Gardner ◽  
Geoffrey Schoenbaum

Theories of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) function have evolved substantially over the last few decades. There is now a general consensus that the OFC is important for predicting aspects of future events and for using these predictions to guide behavior. Yet the precise content of these predictions and the degree to which OFC contributes to agency contingent upon them has become contentious, with several plausible theories advocating different answers to these questions. In this review we will focus on three of these ideas - the economic value, credit assignment, and cognitive map hypotheses – describing both their successes and failures. We will propose that these failures hint at a more nuanced role for the OFC in supporting the proposed functions when an underlying model or map of the causal structures in the environment must be constructed or updated.


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