Re-Print-Anaphylaxis Induced by Beer

The prevalence of cereal allergy is highly influenced by geographical area and consumption habits. According to data from Alergologica 2015 [1], cereal allergy accounts for 2.1% of all cases of food allergy in Spain. Beer is a barley-based alcoholic beverage that also contains hops, yeast, and other cereals (wheat, oats, corn, and even rye). Barley is also the basis of malt vinegar, whiskey, and gin. Several allergens of barley have been described, including lipid transfer protein (LTP), - and ß-amylase, gliadin, glutenin, peroxiredoxin, thionin, and trypsin inhibitor [2].

The changes of microbial diversity and flavor compounds during the fermentation of millet Huangjiu, a traditional Chinese beverage

Huangjiu is a national alcoholic beverage in China. Millet has congenital advantages in development and utilization of nutrient. Brewing Huangjiu with millet can increase the value of millet. Microbial community plays crucial roles in millet Huangjiu fermentation. Flavor compounds reflect the quality and health function of Huangjiu. The flavor compounds of Huangjiu are complex and their formation is closely associated with microorganisms, but the relationship between them during fermentation has been unknown. In this research, this relationship during millet Huangjiu fermentation were deeply investigated. Totally 86 volatile compounds were detected. Bacillus, Weissella, Paenibacillus, Klebsiella, Prevotella was investigated as the dominant microbes through high-throughput sequencing. 537 correlations between major flavor compounds and microbes were established to reflect the dynamic change during millet Huangjiu fermentation. The top five dominant genus of flavor producing microbes were Chryseobacterium, Sporolactobacillus, Psychrobacter, Sphingobium and Anoxybacillus. The content of malic acid and citric acid was gradually improved all through the millet Huangjiu fermentation. Malic acid and citric acid generated from millet Huangjiu fermentation shows healthy properties as liver protection and eliminating fatigue. Our research provides essential information on microbial community succession and the flavor formation during millet Huangjiu fermentation, and beneficial for development of Huangjiu products.

COVID-19 Risk Appears to Vary Across Different Alcoholic Beverages

Objectives: To evaluate the associations of status, amount, and frequency of alcohol consumption across different alcoholic beverages with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) risk and associated mortality.Methods: This study included 473,957 subjects, 16,559 of whom tested positive for COVID-19. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of alcohol consumption with COVID-19 risk and associated mortality. The non-linearity association between the amount of alcohol consumption and COVID-19 risk was evaluated by a generalized additive model.Results: Subjects who consumed alcohol double above the guidelines had a higher risk of COVID-19 (1.12 [1.00, 1.25]). Consumption of red wine above or double above the guidelines played protective effects against the COVID-19. Consumption of beer and cider increased the COVID-19 risk, regardless of the frequency and amount of alcohol intake. Low-frequency of consumption of fortified wine (1–2 glasses/week) within guidelines had a protective effect against the COVID-19. High frequency of consumption of spirits (≥5 glasses/week) within guidelines increased the COVID-19 risk, whereas the high frequency of consumption of white wine and champagne above the guidelines decreased the COVID-19 risk. The generalized additive model showed an increased risk of COVID-19 with a greater number of alcohol consumption. Alcohol drinker status, frequency, amount, and subtypes of alcoholic beverages were not associated with COVID-19 associated mortality.Conclusions: The COVID-19 risk appears to vary across different alcoholic beverage subtypes, frequency, and amount. Red wine, white wine, and champagne have chances to reduce the risk of COVID-19. Consumption of beer and cider and spirits and heavy drinking are not recommended during the epidemics. Public health guidance should focus on reducing the risk of COVID-19 by advocating healthy lifestyle habits and preferential policies among consumers of beer and cider and spirits.

An analysis of food and beverage advertising on bus shelters in a deprived area of Northern England

Objective: To quantify the extent of food and beverage advertising on bus shelters in a deprived area of the UK, to identify the healthfulness of advertised products, and any differences by level of deprivation. The study also sought to assess the creative strategies used and extent of appeal to young people. Design: Images of bus shelter advertisements were collected via in person photography (in 2019) and Google Street View (photos recorded in 2018). Food and beverage advertisements were grouped into one of seventeen food categories and classified as healthy/less healthy using the UK Nutrient Profile Model. The deprivation level of the advertisement location was identified using the UK Index of Multiple Deprivation. Setting: Middlesbrough and Redcar and Cleveland in South Teesside. Participants: N/A Results: 832 advertisements were identified, almost half (48.9%) of which were for foods or beverages. Of food and non-alcoholic beverage adverts, 35.1% were less healthy. Most food advertisements (98.9%) used at least one of the persuasive creative strategies. Food advertisements were found to be of appeal to children under 18 years (71.9%). No differences in healthiness of advertised foods were found by level of deprivation. Conclusions: Food advertising is extensive on bus shelters in parts of the UK, and a substantial proportion of this advertising is classified as less healthy and would not be permitted to be advertised around television programming for children. Bus shelter advertising should be considered part of the UK policy deliberations around restricting less healthy food marketing exposure.

Crosstalk between gut microbiota and host lipid metabolism in a mouse model of alcoholic liver injury by chronic baijiu or ethanol feeding

This study demonstrates that compounds in baijiu, a traditional Chinese alcoholic beverage, can attenuate the development of ethanol-induced liver injury by regulating the crosstalk between gut microbiota and host lipid metabolism.

Microorganism growth profiles during fermentation of Gayo Arabica wine coffee

Coffee is a non-alcoholic beverage that is consumed globally due to its specific flavour and functional properties. Nowadays coffee is diversified based on its coffee varieties, brewing methods, and bean processing techniques. Wine coffee is a commercial name for fermented coffee, a new coffee diversification product. Wine coffee is produced by fermenting coffee cherries for 30 to 60 days. As a new product, the process is not well studied. This research aims to explore the microorganisms’ activity and its profile growth during 30 days of fermentation. The documentation of pH and temperature, and microbial sampling during coffee cherry fermentation were conducted seven times, started at 0 days; 2 days; 4 days; 6 days; 8 days; 10 days; 12 days; 14 days; 16 days; 20 and 30 days. The results showed that pH decreases and temperature increases during fermentation. pH started from 5.0 and down to 3.9 when fermentation is terminated after 30 days, whilst the temperature slightly changes from 25°C to 30°C. The microorganism’s population shows the presence of yeast, lactic acid (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) in wine coffee production. The yeast population increases in the mid fermentation as the cherries are damaged and provide suitable nutrition for the yeast. LAB also co-exists at a similar stage. Further research should be done, especially to understand the interaction mechanism between yeast and yeast, yeast and LAB, and yeast and AAB.

Chemical Composition and Polyphenolic Compounds of Red Wines: Their Antioxidant Activities and Effects on Human Health—A Review

Red wine, an alcoholic beverage is composed of a spectrum of complex compounds such as water, alcohol, glycerol, organic acid, carbohydrates, polyphenols, and minerals as well as volatile compounds. Major factors that affect the levels of phenolic compounds in red wines are the variety of grapes and the storage of the wines. Among the constituents of red wine, phenolic compounds play a crucial role in attributes including color and mouthfeel and confer beneficial properties on health. Most importantly, phenolic compounds such as flavanols, flavonols, flavanones, flavones, tannins, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and resveratrol can prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, inflammation, and some other chronic diseases.

Analysis of Clinical Characteristics, Background, and Paroxysmal Activity in EEG of Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) appears in adolescence with myoclonic, absence, and generalized tonic clonic (GTC) seizures with paroxysmal activity of polyspike and slow wave (PSW), or spike and wave (SW) complexes in EEG. Our aim was to analyze the clinical characteristics, background EEG activity, and paroxysmal events in 41 patients with JME. Background EEG activity was analyzed with visual, quantitative (QEEG), and neurometric parameters. Our JME patients started with absence seizures at 11.4 ± 1.5 years old, myoclonic seizures at 13.6 ± 2.5 years, and GTC seizures at 15.1 ± 0.8 years. The seizures presented in awakening at 7:39 h with sleep deprivation, alcoholic beverage intake, and stress as the most frequent precipitant factors. Paroxysmal activity was of PSW and fast SW complexes with 40.5 ± 62.6 events/hour and a duration of 1.7 s. Right asymmetric paroxysmal activity was present in 68.3% of patients. Background EEG activity was abnormal in 31.7% of patients with visual analysis. With QEEG beta AP (absolute power) increase and AP delta decrease were the most frequent abnormalities found. Spectral analysis showed that 48.7% of patients had normal results, and 26.83% and 24.4% had higher and lower frequencies than 10.156 Hz, respectively. We concluded that, with visual analysis, background EEG activity was abnormal in a few patients and the abnormalities increased when QEEG was used.

Comparative Evaluation of Methods for Stabilizing Alcoholic Beverages Based on Cornel Distillate

Обработки для обеспечения розливостойкости спиртных напитков на основе фруктовых дистиллятов - плодовых водок являются завершающим этапом в технологии производства. Настоящая статья посвящена выбору способа и определению режимных параметров обработки кизиловой водки. С этой целью в работе была проведена сравнительная оценка двух способов обработки - холодом с выдержкой и последующей холодной фильтрацией и ступенчатая фильтрация через мембраны с разным рейтингом пор. Объектами исследования в работе служили контрольный образец спиртного напитка крепостью 45%об., приготовленный из кизилового дистиллята с использованием дистиллированной воды и опытные образцы, подвергнутые стабилизации. На 1-м этапе работы было изучено влияние температуры и длительности обработки холодом на розливостойкость спиртного напитка. Установлено, что при снижении температуры продолжительность обработки до достижения требуемой розливостойкости сокращается. Сравнительная оценка влияния способа обработки (холодом или фильтрацией) показала неэффективность последовательной фильтрации в аспекте стойкости напитка на основе кизилового дистиллята к помутнениям физико-химического характера. Показано, что применение способа, основанного на обработке напитка с использованием низких температур (от -3 до -10 °С), влияет на концентрацию отдельных летучих компонентов. В зависимости от температуры и времени воздействия отмечено снижение суммарной концентрации основных высших спиртов. В наибольшей степени уменьшалась концентрация изобутанола - от 4,6 до 16,7%. Максимальное снижение отмечено в образце, обработанном при -10 °С. В образцах, обработанных холодом, также снижалась концентрация ацетальдегида и метанола. По результатам работы рекомендован способ, основанный на обработке холодом, режимы обработки: -10 °С в течение 2 ч или при температуре -5 °С в течение 6 ч. Processing to ensure the bottling resistance of alcoholic beverages based on fruit distillates-fruit vodkas is the final stage in the production technology. This article is devoted to the choice of the processing method and the determination of the operating parameters of the processing of Cornel vodka. For this purpose, a comparative evaluation of two processing methods was carried out - cold with exposure and subsequent cold filtration and step filtration through membranes with different pore ratings. The objects of research in the work were a control sample of an alcoholic beverage with a strength of 45%vol., prepared from Cornel distillate using distilled water and experimental samples subjected to stabilization. At the first stage of the work, the influence of temperature and duration of cold treatment on the bottling resistance of an alcoholic beverage was studied. It is established that when the processing temperature decreases, the processing time until the required filling resistance is achieved is reduced. A comparative assessment of the effect of the processing method (cold or filtration) showed the ineffectiveness of sequential filtration in terms of the resistance of a drink based on dogwood distillate to turbidity of a physico-chemical nature. It is shown that the use of a method based on the processing of a drink using low temperatures (from -3 °C to -10 °C) affects the concentration of individual volatile components. Depending on the temperature and time of exposure, a decrease in the total concentration of the main higher alcohols was noted. The concentration of isobutanol decreased to the greatest extent - from 4.6 to 16.7%. The maximum decrease was observed in the sample treated at -10 °C. The concentration of acetaldehyde and methanol also decreased in the samples treated with cold. According to the results of the work, a method based on cold treatment is recommended, processing modes: -10 °C for 2 hours or at a temperature of -5 °C for 6 hours.

Chitin and Chitosan in the Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beverage Industry: An Overview

The natural biopolymer chitin and its deacetylated derivative chitosan are abundant in nature. They are obtained from different sources, including the crustacean shells and the cell wall of fungi. Chitin and chitosan have various applications in the beverage industry, such as a flocculent to improve the clarification process, for the reduction of metals and contaminates, and to extend shelf-life. They are also used as material for the immobilization of microorganisms and enzymes, which allows the development of bioprocesses that preserve the quality of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Therefore, the main purpose of this overview is to consolidate some of the current practical applications of chitin and chitosan in the alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverage industry and to reveal new perspectives.