Youth’s Drink Consumption Habits for the Body Immunity

Covid-19 pandemic that is happening in Indonesia and throughout the world has caused changes in people’s eating habits. Food and beverages which can increase immunity become the main focus for the community during this pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the drinking habits on the immunity of SMA Muhammadiyah 25 Pamulang students. This study used a cross-sectional design. There were 78 subjects at the age of 16-17 years old who are 12th grade of SMA Muhammadiyah 25 Pamulang. Drinking habits were collected into 11 beverages types and divided into three categories (1: tea, coffee, and boba drinks; 2: fresh milk, powdered milk, sweetened condensed milk, ice cream containing milk, and yogurt; 3: date juice, honey, and traditional herbal medicine). Data were analyzed descriptively by applying the univariate test method. The results show that 66,67% of subjects consumed boba drinks more often. 32,05% of subjects always consumed coffee, and the last 39,74% of subjects rarely consumed tea. Furthermore, there are 62,82% of subjects more often consume ice cream, 25,64% of subjects constantly consume powdered milk, and 47,44% of subjects rarely consume fresh milk. Hereafter, there are 64,10% of subjects who always consume date juice. subjects often consume honey (47,44%) as well as traditional herbal medicine (46,15%). Subjects drink various beverages such as tea, milk, and their processed products, date juice, honey, and traditional herbal medicine to increase their immunity due to nutrient and antioxidant contents, to protect themselves from virus infection, including Covid-19.

Risk Factors of Hypertension Incidence at the Age of 20-45 Years

The incidence of hypertension in the Kulisusu Health Center Work Area, North Buton Regency is always included in the 10 biggest diseases, where in 2018 the number of sufferers was 216 people, in 2019 it rose to 344 people and in 2020 as many as 715 people. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors that influence the incidence of hypertension in the community at the age of 20-45 years in the Kulisusu Health Center Work Area, North Buton Regency. This type of research is analytic observation with case control design. The study population was 68 patients, with a sample of case is 40 respondents, which were taken by cluster random sampling. Descriptive and inferential data analysis using Chi-Square Test and Odds Ratio. The results showed that the risk factors for hypertension were family history (X2count=20.202; OR=9.333), income (X2count=6.146; OR=3.157), eating and drinking habits (X2count=33.885; OR=22.667), smoking habits (X2count=21.333; OR=11.667). The conclusion is that family history, income, eating and drinking habits and smoking habits are risk factors for hypertension in the Kulisusu Health Center Work Area. It is hoped that the public should avoid consuming foods that trigger hypertension, such as salty foods and containing saturated fat.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE, NUTRITIONAL ADEQUACY LEVEL, TEA DRINKING HABITS AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS WITH ANEMIA AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN SMK PRATAMA MULYA KARAWANG

Introduction: Adolescent is a nation’s future asset that is prone to nutritional problems. One of the nutritional problem in adolescent is anemia. Anemia is a condition when the hemoglobin level is below normal limits. Currenty, anemia among adolescent is still a health problem both globally and in Indonesia. Anemia has a negative impact on adolescents, including reducing concentration in learning, reducing work productivity, and disrupting the body’s defense system. Furthermore, anemia is one of the indirect factors that cause maternal death. The prevalence of anemia among adolescent in Karawang Regency, especially at SMK Pratama Mulya Karawang is still quite high (53,3%), so it is necessary to do further research on the factors that influence the incidence of anemia among adolescent girls. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, nutritional adequacy level, tea drinking habits, and nutritional status with incidence of adolescent girls anemia in SMK Pratama Mulya Karawang. Method: This study use a quantitative observational research with a cross sectional design. The minimum number of samples in this study was 65 people. Anemia data was collected using biochemical measurements of hemoglobin levels, knowledge data using a knowledge questionnare, nutritional intake data and tea drinking habits were carried out by interviewing using the SQ-FFQ form, while nutritional status data was measured by anthropometric measurements. Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between energy adequacy levels, protein adequacy levels, iron adequacy levels, and vitamin C adequacy levels with the incidence of anemia and there was no significant relationship between knowledge, vitamin B12 adequacy levels, tea drinking habits and nutritional status with the incidence of anemia in adolescent girls. Conclusion: Nutritional adequacy level is related to the incident of anemia among adolescent gils in SMK Pratama Mulya Karawang

Dynamics of anti-Spike IgG antibody level after full BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination in health care workers

Introduction: The administration of a third vaccine is ongoing in many countries, but the evaluation of vaccine-induced immunity is still insufficient. This study evaluated anti-spike IgG levels in 373 health care workers six months after the BNT162b2 vaccination. Methods: Dynamics of anti-spike IgG levels six months after the 2nd vaccination were assessed in 49 participants (Analysis-1). A cross-sectional assessment of anti-spike IgG level was performed in 373 participants (Analysis-2). Participants positive for anti-nucleocapsid IgG or IgM and receiving immunosuppressants were excluded from Analysis-2. Results: In Analysis 1, the median anti-spike IgG level was lower in the older age group and decreased consistently after the second vaccination regardless of age. In Analysis-2, the anti-spike IgG level was significantly negatively associated with age (r = -0.35, p < 0.01). This correlation remained statistically significant (r = -0.28, p < 0.01) even after adjusting for sex, BMI, smoking habits, alcohol drinking habits, allergies, and the presence of fever or other adverse reactions at the time of the vaccination. Alcohol drinking habit was also associated with the anti-spike IgG level; daily alcohol drinkers had significantly lower anti-spike IgG levels than never alcohol drinkers. Sex, smoking habit, allergy, and fever and other side effects after the vaccination were not associated with anti-spike IgG levels six months after the 2nd vaccination. Conclusions: Six months after the vaccination, the anti-spike IgG level was substantially low among older persons and daily alcohol drinkers.

How to Habits of Drinking Alcohol "SOPI" in Community?- Dental Caries Status

Dental and oral health problems in the people of East Nusa Tenggara Province are in the high category. The people of Coal Village have a habit of drinking sopi, a traditional alcoholic beverage. Frequently drinking alcoholic beverages for long duration has a negative risk to the oral health. Sopi is one of the traditional alcoholic beverages, fermented from Enau (palm) tree plants. The purpose of this research is relationship between the habits of drinking sopi and the status of dental caries. Method: This is a research of Analytical Survey. This research was conducted in November to December 2019. The population on this research was the society of sopi drinkers. The total sampling was 76 people. The data collecting of the sopi drinking habits was carried out by completing the checklists; the data of the dental caries status was obtained by direct examinations. The data analysis used the test of Kendall’s Tau c. Results: The duration of drinking sopi was classified in the old category (93,4%); the frequency of drinking sopi was classified in the frequent category (63,2%); the volume of the drunk sopi was classified in the lots category (61,8%); the habits of drinking sopi was classified in the heavy category (93.4%); and the dental caries status was classified in the high criterion (52,6%). Based on the correlation test results, that there was no relationship between the time duration, frequency, volume, and the habits of drinking sopi with the status of dental caries (P < 0,05). Conclusion: There was no relationship between the habits of drinking sopi and the status of dental caries.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Portuguese population: Consumption of alcohol, stimulant drinks, illegal substances, and pharmaceuticals

Background The measures implemented by governments worldwide to control and prevent the spread of the COVID-19 have impacted the populations and directly influenced individuals’ quality of life and consumption habits. Objective This work investigates the Portuguese population’s changes in alcohol, stimulants drinks, illegal substances, and pharmaceutical consumptions habits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An online questionnaire comprising seven groups of questions–with one group referring to alcohol, stimulant drinks, illegal substances, and pharmaceuticals consumption habits–was made available to the general adult population of mainland Portugal from the 26th January through the 31st of March 2021. After applying the inclusion criteria, 1666 questionnaires were selected and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Our results show that 48.9% of the participants have alcohol drinking habits and increased their alcohol consumption by 16% after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Furthermore, 8.7% of the respondents felt the need to increase their consumption of stimulant drinks, especially coffee, the most consumed stimulant drink (77.9%). We also observed that of the 3.1% of respondents who are usual consumers of illegal substances, 26.9% increased their consumption of these substances during the COVID-19 pandemic. Concerning pharmaceuticals, 23.2% of the respondents expressed their need to take a therapeutic drug after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. The profile of common consumers of alcohol, stimulant drinks, illegal substances, and pharmaceuticals in the COVID-19 pandemic context is contrasting and varies according to gender, age, and employment status. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in the consumption of alcohol, stimulant drinks, illegal substances, and pharmaceuticals prescribed to treat anxiety, depression, and sleep changes in the Portuguese population. These new consumption patterns have probably aggravated domestic violence, mental diseases, and impairment of family quality of life in the Portuguese population.

Descriptive Statistical Analysis Report on the Results of Questionnaire and Observations on Patients With Physiological Halitosis Who Visited the KUMC Halitosis Clinic- A Retrospective Study

Background: We initiated to prepare the basic data that could help us to understand the characteristics of patients with physiological halitosis symptoms in Korea and aid in explaining the causes of these symptoms. Methods: We collected questionnaire and dietary analysis results from the data of 246 adult patients diagnosed with physiological halitosis symptoms, collected the data from the patients’ salivary measurements and the analysis data of patients’ tongue and throat management status. Using the SPSS (IBM SPSS™, Ver. 22.0) program, we performed a frequency analysis, calculating the correlation coefficient Phi with an independence test.Results: The mean age and one standard deviation of 246 patients with physiological halitosis was 41.85±11.63 years. The proportion of women, the proportion of patients who replaced breakfast with fast food or skipped breakfast, with beverage drinking habits such as coffee, tea, or carbonated drink, with irregular or insufficient consumption of water, who recognized their own oral malodor, suffering anxiety or stress over oral malodor, with an introverted personality, with insufficient unstimulated salivation volume, with incorrect tongue management, and with PND (Postnasal drip) or PTC (Posterior Tongue Coating) were all statistically analyzed to be significant (p < 0.05). As a result of the correlation analysis, the Phi values of the seven pairs of the bivariate variables were from 0.137 to 0.196, and the Phi values of the five pairs of the bivariate variables - the Phi value between the breakfast pattern variable and the regular diet variable, the Phi value between the stimulating menu variable and the drinking variable, the Phi value between the unstimulated saliva variable and the stimulated saliva variable, the Phi value between the unstimulated saliva variable and the sedimentation ratio of saliva variable, and the Phi value between the stimulated saliva variable and the sedimentation ratio of saliva variable - were from 0.203 to 0.394 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We could suggest the 10 potential common risk factors related to physiological halitosis symptom, and the five pairs of variables with Phi values ranging from 0.20 to 0.40 could be judged to have a moderate correlation.

Association between Tea-drinking Habits and Anemia on Pregnant Women in Makassar, Indonesia

Background: The condition of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia is exacerbated by the habits of consuming tea. Anemia in pregnant women is still a health problem and a high-level cause of death that causes maternal bleeding indirectly. In Indonesia, tea is the most consumed beverage after water. The aroma of fragrant tea and its distinctive taste make this drink widely consumed. Tea can also be used as an antioxidant, improve skin, and slim the body. However, tea-drinking habits in pregnant women can affect the risk of anemia because tea contains tannins that can inhibit the absorption of iron. Purpose: To analyze the association between tea-drinking habits and anemia on pregnant women in Makassar, Indonesia. Methods: This was a quantitative study with cross-sectional design. The subject in this study was 36 pregnant women in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy that was chosen by accidental sampling. The analysis that used was chi-square test to examine the association between tea-drinking habits and anemia. A systematic questionnaire was used to collect data by interviewing respondents. Result: Of the 36 pregnant women who always drink tea, 22 respondents (48%) had anemia and 14 respondents (30%) were not anemic. Meanwhile, of 10 respondents who did not have tea consumption habits, 6 respondents (13%) had anemia and 4 respondents (9%) did not suffer from anemia. Chi-square test showed p=1,000 (p>0,05), which means that there was no association between tea consumption and anemia. Conclusion: Tea-drinking habit was not related to anemia in pregnant women in Makassar, Indonesia. Pregnant women may consume tea after eating but they need to control the interval, at least one hour after having a meal to avoid anemia.

Impact of sex differences on lifestyle and glycemic control in Japanese patients with diabetes during COVID-19 lockdowns

Background Pneumonia of unknown pathogenesis detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 was later found to be a new coronavirus infection that causes the now-named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The onset of the pandemic has drastically changed global lifestyles. Some reports about lifestyle changes in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic have been published. However, these studies have not assessed sex differences. Thus, we analyzed three lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine any sex differences. Methods We analyzed physical activity, snacking habits, and drinking habits in 323 patients with diabetes. Sex differences in the changes in these three lifestyle habits were analyzed using the 𝜒2 test, and the factors that influenced the deterioration of HbA1c were analyzed by paired t-test. The factors that influenced the deterioration of HbA1c were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results Of the 323 diabetic, 212 were male (65.6%) and 111 were female (34.4%). HbA1c values were higher in 2020 compared with those in 2019. Increased physical activity was higher in men, whereas decreased physical activity was higher in women. The factors that affected the deterioration in HbA1c were snacking habits for the overall population and in the male sex. No factors significantly affected HbA1c in the female population. Conclusions Our study confirmed that lifestyle changes differed between the sexs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Snacks influenced the deterioration of HbA1c in the overall study population and in the male population. A balanced diet and regular exercise are important for all patients with diabetes during this pandemic. This study demonstrates that more attention should be given on men’s diet, whereas physical inactivity should be emphasized for women.

Novel genomic alteration in superficial esophageal squamous cell neoplasms in non-smoker non-drinker females

Alcohol consumption and smoking pose a significant risk for esophageal squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) development in males; however, ESCN is often diagnosed in non-drinking and non-smoking females. The mechanisms underlying these differences remain elusive, and understanding them can potentially identify novel pathways involved in ESCN development. We performed short-read sequencing to identify somatic variants on a cancer panel targeting 409 genes using DNA extracted from the superficial squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and adjacent non-neoplastic epithelium (NE), and immunohistochemical staining of the protein encoded by the target gene. All male patients (n = 117) were drinkers or smokers, whereas 45% of the female patients (n = 33) were not. Somatic variants were compared among three age-matched groups: 13 female ESCC patients with smoking and drinking habits (known-risk group, F-KR), 13 female ESCC patients without these habits (unknown-risk group, F-UR), and 27 males with ESCC and smoking and drinking habits (M-KR). In the NE, the frequencies of CDKN2A variants were significantly higher in F-UR than in F-KR and M-KR. In both ESCC and NE, p14ARF was significantly overexpressed in F-UR than in the other groups. In conclusion, CDKN2A might be important in ESCC development, independent of known risk factors.