The influence of internal noise on the detection of hormonal signal with the existence of external noise in a cell system

Identifying all the molecular components within a living cell is the first step into understanding how it functions. To further understand how a cell functions requires identifying the interactions that occur between these components. This fact is especially relevant for proteins. No protein within a human cell functions on its own without interacting with another biomolecule - usually another protein. While Protein-Protein Interactions (PPI) have historically been determined by examining a single protein per study, novel technologies developed over the past couple of decades are enabling high-throughput methods that aim to describe entire protein networks within cells. In this review, some of the technologies that have led to these developments are described along with applications of these techniques. Ultimately the goal of these technologies is to map out the entire circuitry of PPI within human cells to be able to predict the global consequences of perturbations to the cell system. This predictive capability will have major impacts on the future of both disease diagnosis and treatment.

Download Full-text

Acoustic Performance of Louvred Facades for Brisbane Domestic Airport: An Integrated Approach

ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference ◽

10.1115/ncad2012-1393 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Frank Butera ◽

Keith Hewett

Keyword(s):

Natural Ventilation ◽

Transmission Loss ◽

Internal Noise ◽

Building Design ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

External Noise ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Sustainable Building ◽

Heating And Cooling ◽

Airport Terminals

Maximising cross ventilation is a low energy method of naturally ventilating and providing heating and cooling to deep plan spaces. Significant reduction in the emission of greenhouse gases can be achieved through minimising the use of mechanical systems in regions with climatic conditions that support the use of natural ventilation. Arup has provided input into the design of a louvered facade for the control of external noise for Brisbane Domestic Airport. A full scale prototype facade was constructed and noise transmission loss measurements were undertaken. The results indicate that significant noise reduction can be achieved to enable compliance with the internal noise limits for airport terminals, whilst using natural ventilation. The findings from this research will directly benefit building designers and innovators in the pursuit of achieving sustainable building design.

Download Full-text

Overcoming the Challenges for a Mass Manufacturing Machine for the Assembly of PEMFC Stacks

Machines ◽

10.3390/machines7040066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 66 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Porstmann ◽

Wannemacher ◽

Richter

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Economies Of Scale ◽

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽

Cell System ◽

Active Components ◽

Fuel Cell Stack ◽

Electrolyte Membrane ◽

Modular Concept ◽

A Cell ◽

Manufacturing Machine

One of the major obstacles standing in the way of a break-through in fuel cell technology is its relatively high costs compared to well established fossil-based technologies. The reasons for these high costs predominantly lie in the use of non-standardized components, complex system components, and non-automated production of fuel cells. This problem can be identified at multiple levels, for example, the electrochemically active components of the fuel cell stack, peripheral components of the fuel cell system, and eventually on the level of stack and system assembly. This article focused on the industrialization of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack components and assembly. To achieve this, the first step is the formulation of the requirement specifications for the automated PEMFC stack production. The developed mass manufacturing machine (MMM) enables a reduction of the assembly time of a cell fuel cell stack to 15 minutes. Furthermore the targeted automation level is theoretically capable of producing up to 10,000 fuel cell stacks per year. This will result in a ~50% stack cost reduction through economies of scale and increased automation. The modular concept is scalable to meet increasing future demand which is essential for the market ramp-up and success of this technology.

Download Full-text

WATERMARK DETECTION USING DYNAMIC STOCHASTIC RESONANCE

Fluctuation and Noise Letters ◽

10.1142/s0219477513500107 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (03) ◽

pp. 1350010 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

RAJIB KUMAR JHA ◽

APOORV CHATURVEDI ◽

RAJLAXMI CHOUHAN

Keyword(s):

Stochastic Resonance ◽

Spread Spectrum ◽

Internal Noise ◽

External Noise ◽

Detection Technique ◽

Discrete Wavelet ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Dynamic Stochastic Resonance ◽

Watermark Embedding ◽

Dynamic Stochastic

In this paper, a dynamic stochastic resonance (DSR) based watermark detection technique in discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain is presented. Pseudo random bit sequence having certain seed value is considered as a watermark. Watermark embedding is done by embedding random bits in spread-spectrum fashion to the significant DWT coefficients. Watermark detection is quantitatively characterized by the value of correlation. The performance of watermark detection is improved by DSR which is an iterative process that utilizes the internal noise present in the image or external noise which is added during attacks. Even under various noise attacks, geometrical distortions, image enhancement and compression attacks, the DSR-based random bits detection is observed to give noteworthy improvement over existing watermark detection techniques. DSR-based technique is also found to give better detection performance when compared with the suprathreshold stochastic resonance-based detection technique.

Download Full-text

Immunomodulatory role of phagocyte-derived chloramines involving lymphocyte glutathione

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/s0962935193000328 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 235-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Véronique Witko-Sarsat ◽

Anh Thu Nguyen ◽

Béatrice Descamps-Latscha

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Cell System ◽

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽

Myristate Acetate ◽

Defensive Role ◽

Free Model ◽

A Cell

This study shows that human lymphocytes markedly decrease chloramines (long-lived oxidants) generated by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) after stimulation by phorbol-myristate-acetate or opsonized zymosan. In a cell-free model, reduced glutathione (GSH) scavenged chloramines, giving rise to oxidized glutathione (GSSG). In the cell system, treatment of lymphocytes with autologous PMN-derived chloramines induced a profound decrease in their total and reduced glutathione (GSH) content and markedly inhibited their proliferate responses to concanavalin-A and, to a lesser extent, phytohaemagglutinin. It is concluded that (i) lymphocytes may play a defensive role against phagocyte-derived oxidative stress by scavenging chloramines, and (ii) as this effect which is mediated by GSH affects lymphocyte proliferative responses, it may help to elucidate the still obscure mechanisms of oxidative stress associated immunodeficiency.

Download Full-text