Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Ambulatory Plasma Renin Activity in Healthy, Normal Subjects During Unrestricted Sodium Intake

1. Blood pressure, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, urinary noradrenaline during sleep (UNA-S) and several estimates of sodium intake were determined in 379 normotensive subjects (age 13–70) to investigate the relationship of these variables to blood pressure. 2. Blood pressure was correlated with age, weight, plasma renin activity UNA-S, and estimates of sodium intake. These variables were frequently intercorrelated. 3. Multiple-correlation analysis revealed that after removal of the effects of age, blood pressure was related to weight, plasma renin activity, UNA-S and estimates of sodium intake. 4. However, multiple-regression analysis failed to demonstrate an effect of plasma renin activity, UNA-S, or estimates of sodium intake on blood pressure when the effects of age, weight, race and sex were removed. 5. Careful matching of subjects by age, weight, race and sex in studies of blood pressure and biochemical factors in normal subjects is crucial to proper interpretation of such data.

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Does the Renin—Angiotensin System Maintain Blood Pressure in Both Hypertensive and Normotensive Subjects? a Comparison of Propranolol, Saralasin and Captopril

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs057145s ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 57 (s5) ◽

pp. 145s-148s ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

G. A. MacGregor ◽

N. D. Markandu ◽

J. E. Roulston

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Renin Angiotensin System ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽

Renin Angiotensin ◽

Normotensive Subjects

1. Propranolol, saralasin and captopril changed blood pressure in normotensive as well as hypertensive subjects. 2. The percentage change in blood pressure with these three drugs for a given plasma renin activity was similar in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. 3. This suggests that when the renin-angiotensin system is maintaining blood pressure, it maintains the blood pressure to the same extent in percentage terms in normotensive and hypertensive subjects for a given plasma renin activity. 4. Saralasin has marked agonist activity, and probably underestimates the participation of the renin—angiotensin—aldosterone system in the maintenance of blood pressure. The fall in blood pressure that occurred with captopril in normal subjects on their normal sodium intake suggests that the renin—angiotensin—aldosterone system may have an important role in the control of blood pressure in normal subjects on their normal sodium intake. If it does, our results suggest that the renin—angiotensin—aldosterone system plays no greater role in maintaining blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension than normotensive subjects for a given plasma renin activity.

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Expression of Plasma Renin Activity in Terms of Urinary Sodium Excretion and Posture in Normal Subjects on Free Sodium Intake

Kidney & Blood Pressure Research ◽

10.1159/000172943 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 237-242

Author(s):

J.P. Wolf ◽

M.T. Henriet ◽

N.U. Nguyen ◽

G. Dumoulin ◽

M. Laroze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Sodium Excretion ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽

Urinary Sodium ◽

Renin Activity

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VARIATIONS IN PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY AND URINARY ALDOSTERONE EXCRETION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AFTER SALT RESTRICTION AND ACUTE PITUITARY INHIBITION WITH 6-DEHYDRO-16-METHYLENE HYDROCORTISONE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0670159 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 159-173

Author(s):

A. Peytremann ◽

R. Veyrat ◽

A. F. Muller

Keyword(s):

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Sodium Balance ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Salt Restriction ◽

Aldosterone Production

ABSTRACT Variations in plasma renin activity and urinary aldosterone excretion were studied in normal subjects submitted to salt restriction and simultaneous inhibition of ACTH production with a new synthetic steroid, 6-dehydro-16-methylene hydrocortisone (STC 407). At a dose of 10 mg t. i. d. this preparation exerts an inhibitory effect on the pituitary comparable to that of 2 mg of dexamethasone. In subjects maintained on a restricted salt intake, STC 407 does not delay the establishment of an equilibrium in sodium balance. The increases in endogenous aldosterone production and in plasma renin activity are also similar to those seen in the control subjects. A possible mineralocorticoid effect of STC 407 can be excluded. Under identical experimental conditions, the administration of dexamethasone yielded results comparable to those obtained with STC 407.

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Renal sodium handling in normal humans subjected to low, normal, and extremely high sodium supplies

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1985.249.6.f941 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 249 (6) ◽

pp. F941-F947 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. C. Roos ◽

H. A. Koomans ◽

E. J. Dorhout Mees ◽

I. M. Delawi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Plasma Renin Activity ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Extracellular Fluid ◽

Plasma Renin ◽

Renin Activity ◽

Sodium Reabsorption ◽

Lithium Clearance ◽

Renal Sodium Handling ◽

Sodium Handling

We studied renal sodium handling, extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), plasma renin activity, aldosterone and norepinephrine, and blood pressure in eight healthy volunteers after equilibration on intakes of 20, 200, and 1,128 +/- 141 meq sodium, respectively. Renal sodium handling was assessed by means of clearance studies during maximal water diuresis and lithium clearance. Urinary sodium excretions were 22 +/- 4, 202 +/- 19, and 1,052 +/- 86 meq/day. From the lower to the upper sodium intake level, 24-h creatinine clearance rose from 111 +/- 7 to 136 +/- 11 ml/min and inulin clearance from 103 +/- 9 to 129 +/- 9 ml/min, whereas proximal and distal fractional sodium reabsorption (FSRprox and FSRdist, respectively) fell from 86.8 +/- 1.3 to 79.0 +/- 2.7% and from 96.5 +/- 0.5 to 76.0 +/- 1.9%, respectively. During the normal sodium intake (200 meq), intermediate values were recorded. The changes in fractional lithium clearance were less consistent but correlated with FSRprox (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001) and not with FSRdist. Major changes in plasma renin activity, aldosterone, and, to a lesser extent, norepinephrine accompanied these changes in kidney function, displaying inverse and exponential correlations with daily sodium excretion and ECFV. No consistent rise in blood pressure was detected. These observations indicate that in healthy humans renal adaptation to vast variations in sodium intake includes resetting of glomerular filtration rate, FSRprox, and, in particular, FSRdist. Alterations in neurohumoral factors may play a dominant role in this adaptation.

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