State-dependent changes in risk-taking behaviour as a result of age and residual reproductive value

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe A. Moschilla ◽  
Joseph L. Tomkins ◽  
Leigh W. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Residual Reproductive Value ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Changes In Risk

scholarly journals Market shocks and professionals' investment behavior – Evidence from the COVID-19 crash

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Huber ◽  
Juergen Huber ◽  
Michael Kirchler
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Investment Behavior ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Price Expectations ◽  
Market Crashes ◽  
Changes In Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Market Shocks

We investigate how the experience of stock market shocks, such as the COVID-19 crash, influences risk-taking behavior. To isolate changes in risk taking from other factors during stock market crashes, we ran controlled experiments with finance professionals in December 2019 and March 2020. We observe that their investments in the experiment were 12 percent lower in March 2020 than in December 2019, although their price expectations had not changed, and although they considered the experimental asset less risky during the crash than before. Thus, lower investments are driven by higher risk aversion, not by changes in beliefs.

scholarly journals Flirting with danger: predation risk interacts with male condition to influence sexual display

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 1265-1272
Author(s):  
Pedro Z de Moraes ◽  
Pedro Diniz ◽  
Esteban Fernandez-Juricic ◽  
Regina H Macedo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Reproductive Value ◽  
Male Response ◽  
Residual Reproductive Value ◽  
Display Behavior ◽  
Sexual Display ◽  
Male Condition ◽  
Risk Of Predation

AbstractSexual signaling coevolves with the sensory systems of intended receivers; however, predators may be unintended receivers of sexual signals. Conspicuous aerial displays in some species may place males at high risk of predation from eavesdropping predators. There are three different hypotheses to explain how signaling males can deal with increased predation risk: (1) males invest in survival by decreasing signal conspicuousness; (2) males invest in reproduction by increasing signal conspicuousness; and (3) male response is condition-dependent according to his residual reproductive value. Here, we used blue-black grassquits (Volatinia jacarina) to test these hypotheses, asking whether males modify leap displays under different levels of predation risk. Grassquit males develop an iridescent nuptial plumage and spend considerable time emitting a multimodal signal: while leaping from a perch, males clap their wings above their heads and emit a high-pitched short song. We exposed males to predator and nonpredator playbacks while video recording their displays. We found interactions between predation risk and 2 male condition variables (ectoparasite infestation and proportion of nuptial plumage coverage) that influenced display behavior. Less parasitized males and those with higher proportion of nuptial plumage showed no change in display behavior, while more parasitized males and those with lower proportion of nuptial plumage increased the vigor of displays under predation risk. In other words, males with low residual reproductive value increased reproductive effort when there was a high risk of extrinsic death. Our study provides some empirical support for the terminal investment hypothesis.

scholarly journals Developmental perspectives on risky and impulsive choice

2018 ◽  
Vol 374 (1766) ◽  
pp. 20180133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail M. Rosenbaum ◽  
Catherine A. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Impulsive Choice ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Changes In Risk ◽  
Task Parameters

Epidemiological data suggest that risk taking in the real world increases from childhood into adolescence and declines into adulthood. However, developmental patterns of behaviour in laboratory assays of risk taking and impulsive choice are inconsistent. In this article, we review a growing literature using behavioural economic approaches to understand developmental changes in risk taking and impulsivity. We present findings that have begun to elucidate both the cognitive and neural processes that contribute to risky and impulsive choice, as well as how age-related changes in these neurocognitive processes give rise to shifts in choice behaviour. We highlight how variability in task parameters can be used to identify specific aspects of decision contexts that may differentially influence risky and impulsive choice behaviour across development. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Risk taking and impulsive behaviour: fundamental discoveries, theoretical perspectives and clinical implications’.

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