Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and Ki-67 are associated with malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma

AIM: To monitor the prognosis of patients with lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma (LGPA) following surgical resection within the past 10y. The factors affecting patient prognosis are analyzed and the experience of surgical treatment is summarized. METHODS: In this retrospective, comparative case series, clinical records from 109 cases of LGPA treated chiefly at the same institution between November 2009 and May 2019 were reviewed. All 109 patients underwent surgery, histopathological examination, and imaging examination. For patients who underwent surgery for the first time, LGPA could be resected completely, including tumor and capsule tissues, using a surgical approach via the eyebrow arch or double eyelid crease. RESULTS: The ratio of males to females was 1:1.60, the ages ranged from 19 to 74 years old with a mean age of 43.64±13.07 years old, and the ratio of left to right eyes was 1:1.37. A total of 109 patients underwent surgical excision and five of these received radiotherapy after malignant transformation. Of these patients, 15 were lost to follow up within the April 1, 2020 deadline and 1 was diagnosed as a recurring pathology. The 5-year recurrence rate for 86 patients who underwent initial surgery was 7.27%. Single factor analysis revealed that the course of disease, bone destruction, invasion of surrounding tissues, tumor size, capsule integrity, and expression of Ki-67 were statistically significant (P<0.05). Binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that capsule integrity was a risk factor influencing recurrence (P=0.008). CONCLUSION: LGPA has a risk of recurrence and potential for malignant transformation. Complete removal of the tumor and capsule in the initial surgery is a key factor in preventing recurrence.

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Canine Mammary Mixed Tumours: A Review

Veterinary Medicine International ◽

10.1155/2012/274608 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Geovanni Dantas Cassali ◽

Angélica Cavalheiro Bertagnolli ◽

Enio Ferreira ◽

Karine Araújo Damasceno ◽

Conrado de Oliveira Gamba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Glands ◽

Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Malignant Transformation ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Histological Types ◽

Pleomorphic Adenomas ◽

Mixed Tumours

Mammary mixed tumours are the most frequent neoplasias in female dogs. In humans, mixed tumours are frequently found in the salivary glands and are known as pleomorphic adenomas. In addition to their histomorphologic similarities, mixed tumours and pleomorphic adenomas have the potential to become malignant and give rise to carcinomas in mixed tumours and carcinomas ex-pleomorphic adenoma, respectively. The factors associated with malignant transformation are still poorly known in the case of canine mixed tumours. However, this form of neoplasia tends to be associated with a better prognosis than other malignant histological types. This paper discusses the main features associated with female canine mammary mixed tumours.

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Cellular Proliferation Index between Carcinoma Ex-Pleomorphic Adenoma and Pleomorphic Adenoma

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300369 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 416-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fernanda Viviane Mariano ◽

Ana Flávia Costa ◽

Rogério Oliveira Gondak ◽

Antonio Santos Martins ◽

André Del Negro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimally Invasive ◽

Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Cellular Proliferation ◽

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma ◽

Proliferation Index ◽

Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Proliferative Index ◽

Salivary Duct ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Duct Carcinoma

<p>Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) has been considered an interesting model of carcinogenesis, presenting various histological subtypes and invasiveness phase. The objective was to determine the proliferative index of CXPA and comparing to pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Thirty six cases of CXPA (36 PA) and 22 areas of PA in CXPA (residual PA) were studied by Ki-67 expression. All CXPA cases were classified according to invasiveness phase (intracapsular, minimally and frankly invasive) and histopathological subtypes. Data was statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. CXPA included 5 intracapsular, 9 minimally invasive and 22 frankly invasive cases. Fifteen cases corresponded to salivary duct carcinoma, 7 to adenocarcinoma NOS, 7 myoepithelial, 5 epithelial-myoepithelial, one case of squamous cell and one case of sarcomatoid carcinoma. The Ki-67 index of PA and residual PA were significantly lower than CXPA. Intracapsular and minimally invasive showed smaller proliferative index than frankly invasive. Considering the subtypes of CXPA, there was not a statistic difference among them. Ki-67 is a useful marker in the differential diagnosis of PA and CXPA, even when in the early invasive phase.</p>

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Analysis of Amplified Genes in Samples of Pleomorphic Adenoma and Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma by CGH-Array Technique

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/aqz113.034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S51-S51

Author(s):

Erika Egal ◽

Welligton Sabino ◽

João Scarini ◽

Reydson Souza ◽

Albina Altemani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Malignant Transformation ◽

Genetic Disorders ◽

Benign Lesion ◽

Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Low Grade ◽

Cgh Array ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Histopathological Subtype ◽

Common Target

Abstract Introduction Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a benign lesion of the salivary glands that can suffer malignant transformation to carcinoma ex adenoma pleomorphic (CXPA). The pathogenesis of CXPA has been attributed to the accumulation of genetic disorders in preexisting PAs. However, there is no confirmation whether there is a common target gene involved in all histopathological subtypes or the decisive factors for malignant transformation in a histopathological subtype are specific. Objectives To further analyze genes found in PA and CXPA using the CGH-array technique. The genes found were analyzed using the InteractiVenn virtual tool (http://www.interactivenn.net/) and grouped into a Microsoft Excel worksheet. Results: Of the 460 genes amplified in the studied samples, 287 (62.4%) were related only to CXPA, whereas 144 (31.3%) were related to residual PA. Twenty-nine (6.3%) of these genes were common between residual PA and CXPA. Regarding the degree of invasion of CXPA, there was an increase in the number of genes amplified as the degree of invasion and aggression increased: 8 genes related to intracapsular CXPA, 65 to minimally invasive CXPA, and 373 to weakly invasive. Moreover, when comparing residual AP and intracapsular CXPA, two genes were common to these groups: ERRB2 and GRB7. As for the histological subtype, the high-grade samples had more amplifications (320 amplified genes) than the low-grade ones (129 genes). Three of these genes were common among residual PAs and CXPA: HMGA2, RPSAP52, and LOC100129940. As for the replicates, MYNC, ERBB2, BRIP1, and HMGA2 were the most repeated amplified genes in the residual PAs. HMGA2, ERRBB2, CDK12, RPSAP52, LOC100129940, and LOC100507250 were the genes with the most replicates in CXPA. Conclusion HMGA2, ERRB2, and RPSAP52 may play a key role in PA carcinogenesis, whereas GRB7, CDK12, MYNC, and BRIP1 appear to act as coadjutants.

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THE ROLE OF KI-67, P16, CD34, BCL-2, AND CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PROLIFERATIVE VERRUCOUS LEUKOPLAKIA

Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology ◽

10.1016/j.oooo.2017.05.314 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 124 (2) ◽

pp. e121

Author(s):

RAGHU RADHAKRISHNAN

Keyword(s):

Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia

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Ki-67 Index in Salivary Gland Neoplasms

International Journal of Phonosurgery & Laryngology ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10023-1110 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Suma Kaza ◽

T Jaya Mastan Rao ◽

Anupama Mikkilineni ◽

G Venkata Ratnam ◽

D Ranga Rao

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽

Salivary Gland Neoplasms ◽

Carcinoma Ex Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽

Myoepithelial Carcinoma ◽

Cell Adenoma ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Adenoid Cystic ◽

Epithelial Myoepithelial Carcinoma

Abstract Assessment of proliferation is a means of predicting local recurrence and metastatic potential of malignancies. A mitotic count is not an ideal marker for proliferation in certain situations, such as salivary gland neoplasms. Ki-67 expression as a proliferation marker has been investigated in many human tumors. In the present study, Mitotic index (MI) and Ki-67 index were studied in pleomorphic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma, carcinoma ex Pleomorphic adenoma and adenocarcinoma of salivary glands. The results were compared. The MI was similar in benign neoplasms, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma, whereas it was high in carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. The Ki-67 index was different in basal cell adenoma and pleomorphic adenoma. It was helpful in differentiating high grade and low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. It highlighted the malignant behavior of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma. It was concluded that Ki-67 in benign neoplasms is 5% or less and in malignant ones more than 23% with a few exceptions. In mucoepidermoid carcinoma and epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma, Ki-67 index was found to be a better indicator for aggressiveness. These findings will be presented in this paper, with review of literature. How to cite this article Kaza S, Rao TJM, Mikkilineni A, Ratnam GV, Rao DR. Ki-67 Index in Salivary Gland Neoplasms. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(1):1-7.

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