This paper presents the verification of the boundary layer modeling approach, which relies on a γ-Reθt model proposed by Menter et al. (2006, “A Correlation-Based Transition Model using Local Variables—Part I: Model Formation,” J. Turbomach., 128(3), pp. 413–422). This model was extended by laminar-turbulent transition correlations proposed by Piotrowski et al. (2008, “Transition Prediction on Turbine Blade Profile with Intermittency Transport Equation,” Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo, Paper No. GT2008-50796) as well as Stripf et al.'s (2009, “Extended Models for Transitional Rough Wall Boundary Layers with Heat Transfer—Part I: Model Formulation,” J. Turbomach., 131(3), 031016) correlations, which take into account the effects of surface roughness. To blend between the laminar and fully turbulent boundary layer over rough wall, the modified intermittency equation is used. To verify the model, a flat plate with zero and nonzero pressure gradient test cases as well as the high pressure turbine blade case were chosen. Furthermore, the model was applied for unsteady calculations of the turbine blade profile as well as the Lou and Hourmouziadis (2000, “Separation Bubbles Under Steady and Periodic-Unsteady Main Flow Conditions,” J. Turbomach., 122(4), pp. 634–643) flat plate test case, with an induced pressure profile typical for a suction side of highly-loaded turbine airfoil. The combined effect of roughness and wake passing were studied. The studies proved that the proposed modeling approach (ITMR hereinafter) appeared to be sufficiently precise and enabled for a qualitatively correct prediction of the boundary layer development for the tested simple flow configurations. The results of unsteady calculations indicated that the combined impact of wakes and the surface roughness could be beneficial for the efficiency of the blade rows, but mainly in the case of strong separation occurring on highly-loaded blade profiles. It was also demonstrated that the roughness hardly influences the location of wake induced transition, but has an impact on the flow in between the wakes.
Destabilization of Immersed Dense Granular Material Submitted to Localized Fluidization: An Experimental and Numerical Study
