An approach to identify the mass and energy of the primary cosmic rays around the knee region using arrival time distribution of secondary charged particles in extensive air showers

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2456-2466
Author(s):  
Gohar Rastegarzadeh ◽  
Saba Mortazavi Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Arrival Time Distribution ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Knee Region ◽  
Primary Cosmic Rays

The arrival time distribution of muons in extensive air showers

1986 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J de Villiers ◽  
D J van der Walt ◽  
P K F Grieder ◽  
G van Urk
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Arrival Time Distribution ◽  
Air Showers

Arrival-time distribution of muons in extensive air showers at energies of 1017eV to 1018eV

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1605-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Blake ◽  
D M Mann ◽  
W F Nash ◽  
B O'Connell ◽  
R B Strutt
Keyword(s):  
Time Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Arrival Time Distribution ◽  
Air Showers

SPECTRUM OF COSMIC RAYS WITH ENERGY ABOVE 1017 EV

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6878-6880 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. EGOROVA ◽  
A. V. GLUSHKOV ◽  
A. A. IVANOV ◽  
S. P. KNURENKO ◽  
V. A. KOLOSOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Arrival Time Distribution ◽  
Array Data ◽  
Lateral Distribution Function ◽  
High Energies

The energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays with ultra-high energies based on the Yakutsk EAS Array data is presented. For the largest events values of S600 and axis coordinates have been obtained using revised lateral distribution function. The effect of the arrival time distribution at several axis distance on estimated density for Yakutsk and AGASA is considered.

scholarly journals On the Detection of Heavy Primaries above 1014 EV

1981 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
T. K. Gaisser ◽  
Todor Stanev ◽  
Phyllis Freier ◽  
C. Jake Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Hadronic Interactions ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Primary Cosmic Rays

Knowledge of the chemical composition is fundamental to understanding the origin, acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays. At energies much above 1014 eV, however, the detection of single primary cosmic rays is at present impossible because of their low flux, and the only source of information is from the cascades initiated by energetic primary particles in the atmosphere–the extensive air showers (EAS). A similar situation exists for the study of hadronic interactions above 1015 eV. A recent EAS experiment (Goodman et al., 1979) suggests the possibility that the spectrum becomes increasingly rich in heavy nuclei as the total energy per nucleus approaches 1015 eV. Above that energy the overall spectrum steepens and the question of composition is almost completely open.

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