Size resolved traffic emission factors of submicrometer particles

Abstract. Atmospheric particle number size distributions of airborne particles (diameter range 10–500 nm) were measured over ten weeks at three sites in the vicinity of the A100 urban motorway in Berlin, Germany. The A100 carries about 180 000 vehicles on a weekday, and roadside particle size distributions showed a number maximum between 20 and 60 nm clearly related to the motorway emissions. The average total number concentration at roadside was 28 000 cm−3 with a total range between 1200 and 168 000 cm−3. At distances of 80 and 400 m from the motorway the concentrations decreased to mean levels of 11 000 and 9 000 cm−3, respectively. An obstacle-resolving dispersion model was applied to simulate the 3-D flow field and traffic tracer transport in the urban environment around the motorway. By inverse modelling, vehicle emission factors were derived, representative of a relative share of 6% lorry-like vehicles, and a driving speed of about 80 km h−1. Three different calculation approaches were compared, which differ in the choice of the experimental winds driving the flow simulation. The average emission factor per vehicle was 2.1(±0.2) · 1014 km−1 for particle number and 0.077(±0.01) · 1014 cm3 km−1 for particle volume. Regression analysis suggested that lorry-like vehicles emit 116 (± 21) times more particulate number than passenger car-like vehicles, and that lorry-like vehicles account for about 91% of particulate number emissions on weekdays. Our work highlights the increasing applicability of 3-D flow models in urban microscale environments and their usefulness in determining traffic emission factors.

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Verification of traffic emission factors using measurements in a short tunnel in the Czech Republic

Atmósfera ◽

10.20937/atm.2019.32.03.04 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 213-223

Author(s):

Katerina Maneva Mitrovikj ◽

◽

Franišek Skácel ◽

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Traffic Emission ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Short Tunnel

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Estimation of road traffic emission factors from a long term tracer study

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.059 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 43 (36) ◽

pp. 5830-5837 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Luis Carlos Belalcazar ◽

Oliver Fuhrer ◽

Minh Dung Ho ◽

Erika Zarate ◽

Alain Clappier

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Tracer Study ◽

Traffic Emission

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A Novel Method for Determination of Size-Resolved, Submicrometer Particle Traffic Emission Factors

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/es048208y ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 39 (19) ◽

pp. 7609-7615 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Sara JanhÄll ◽

Mattias Hallquist

Keyword(s):

Emission Factors ◽

Traffic Emission ◽

Novel Method

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Identification and quantification of particulate tracers of exhaust and non-exhaust vehicle emissions

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-19-5187-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 5187-5207 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Aurélie Charron ◽

Lucie Polo-Rehn ◽

Jean-Luc Besombes ◽

Benjamin Golly ◽

Christine Buisson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Traffic Emissions ◽

Chassis Dynamometer ◽

Traffic Emission ◽

The Road ◽

Light Duty ◽

Key Species ◽

Brake Wear

Abstract. In order to identify and quantify key species associated with non-exhaust emissions and exhaust vehicular emissions, a large comprehensive dataset of particulate species has been obtained thanks to simultaneous near-road and urban background measurements coupled with detailed traffic counts and chassis dynamometer measurements of exhaust emissions of a few in-use vehicles well-represented in the French fleet. Elemental carbon, brake-wear metals (Cu, Fe, Sb, Sn, Mn), n-alkanes (C19-C26), light-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; pyrene, fluoranthene, anthracene) and two hopanes (17α21βnorhopane and 17α21βhopane) are strongly associated with the road traffic. Traffic-fleet emission factors have been determined for all of them and are consistent with most recent published equivalent data. When possible, light-duty- and heavy-duty-traffic emission factors are also determined. In the absence of significant non-combustion emissions, light-duty-traffic emissions are in good agreement with emissions from chassis dynamometer measurements. Since recent measurements in Europe including those from this study are consistent, ratios involving copper (Cu∕Fe and Cu∕Sn) could be used as brake-wear emissions tracers as long as brakes with Cu remain in use. Near the Grenoble ring road, where the traffic was largely dominated by diesel vehicles in 2011 (70 %), the OC∕EC ratio estimated for traffic emissions was around 0.4. Although the use of quantitative data for source apportionment studies is not straightforward for the identified organic molecular markers, their presence seems to well-characterize fresh traffic emissions.

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Dispersion of traffic-related exhaust particles near the Berlin urban motorway – estimation of fleet emission factors

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-9-2355-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 2355-2374 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

W. Birmili ◽

B. Alaviippola ◽

D. Hinneburg ◽

O. Knoth ◽

T. Tuch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Number ◽

Dispersion Model ◽

Flow Simulation ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Tracer Transport ◽

Particle Volume ◽

Traffic Emission ◽

Particle Distributions ◽

Flow Models ◽

Atmospheric Particle

Abstract. Atmospheric particle number size distributions of airborne particles (diameter range 10–500 nm) were collected over ten weeks at three sites in the vicinity of the A100 urban motorway in Berlin, Germany. The A100 carries about 180 000 vehicles on a weekday. The roadside particle distributions showed a number maximum between 20 and 60 nm clearly related to the motorway emissions. The average total number concentration at roadside was 28 000 cm−3 with a total range of 1200–168 000 cm−3. At distances of 80 and 400 m from the motorway the concentrations decreased to mean levels of 11 000 and 9000 cm−3, respectively. An obstacle-resolving dispersion model was applied to simulate the 3-D flow field and traffic tracer transport in the urban environment around the motorway. By inverse modelling, vehicle emission factors were derived that are representative of a fleet with a relative share of 6% lorry-like vehicles, and driving at a speed of 80 km h−1. Three different calculation approaches were compared, which differ in the choice of the experimental winds driving the flow simulation. The average emission factor per vehicle was 2.1 (±0.2) · 1014 km−1 for particle number and 0.077 (±0.01) · 1014 cm3 km−1 for particle volume. Regression analysis suggested that lorry-like vehicles emit 123 (±28) times more particle number than passenger car-like vehicles, and lorry-like vehicles account for about 91% of particulate number emissions on weekdays. Our work highlights the increasing applicability of 3-D flow models in urban microscale environments and their usefulness for determining traffic emission factors.

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Traffic emission factors of ultrafine particles: effects from ambient air

Journal of Environmental Monitoring ◽

10.1039/c2em30235g ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2488 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sara Janhäll ◽

Peter Molnar ◽

Mattias Hallquist

Keyword(s):

Ultrafine Particles ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Traffic Emission

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Identification and quantification of particulate tracers of exhaust and non-exhaust vehicle emissions

10.5194/acp-2018-816 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aurélie Charron ◽

Lucie Polo-Rehn ◽

Jean-Luc Besombes ◽

Benjamin Golly ◽

Christine Buisson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Road Traffic ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Emission Factors ◽

Traffic Emissions ◽

Chassis Dynamometer ◽

Traffic Emission ◽

The Road ◽

Diesel Vehicles ◽

Key Species ◽

Brake Wear

Abstract. In order to identify and quantify key-species associated with non-exhaust emissions and exhaust vehicular emissions a large comprehensive dataset of particulate species has been obtained thanks to simultaneous near-road and urban background measurements coupled with detailed traffic counts and chassis dynamometer measurements of exhaust emissions of a few in-use vehicles well-represented in the French fleet. Elemental Carbon, brake-wear metals (Cu, Fe, Sb, Sn, Mn), n-alkanes (C19–C26), light molecular weight PAHs (Pyrene, Fluoranthene, Anthracene) and two hopanes (17α21βNorhopane and 17α21βhopane) are strongly associated with the road traffic. Traffic-fleet emission factors have been determined for all of them and are consistent with most recent published equivalent data. When possible, light-duty and heavy-duty duty traffic emission factors are also determined. Most of the first ones are in good agreement with emissions from chassis dynamometer measurements in absence of significant non-combustion emissions. This study has shown that ratios involving copper (mainly Cu/Fe and Cu/Sn) could be used to trace brake-wear emissions as they seem to be roughly constant in Europe and as longer as Cu-free brake are not largely spread. In France where the traffic was largely dominated by diesel vehicles in 2011 (70 %), the OC/EC ratio typical of traffic emissions was around 0.44. On the contrary, the use of quantitative data for source apportionment studies is not straightforward for the identified organic molecular markers; while, their presence seems to well-characterized fresh traffic emissions.

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