A stress-induced anxious state in male rats: Corticotropin-releasing hormone induces persistent changes in associative learning and startle reactivity

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Servatius ◽  
Kevin D. Beck ◽  
Roberta L. Moldow ◽  
Gabriel Salameh ◽  
Tara P. Tumminello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Anxious State

Effect of different types of stressors on peptide messenger ribonucleic acids in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ceccatelli ◽  
Catello Orazzo
Keyword(s):  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Different Types

Using in situ hybridization we have studied the effects of different types of stressors, such as ether, immobilization, cold and swimming, on the expression of several peptide messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of adult male rats. Paraventricular nucleus sections were hybridized using synthetic oligonucleotide probes complementary to mRNA for corticotropin-releasing hormone, neurotensin, enkephalin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. A clear upregulation of neurotensin mRNA was seen after ether and, to a lesser extent, after immobilization stress, whereas after the two other stressors neurotensin mRNA was undetectable, as in control rats. An increase in enkephalin mRNA was observed in a selective region of the dorsal part of the medioparvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus only after ether and immobilization stress. No significant changes were seen in corticotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone mRNA levels in any of the experimental paradigms. The present results show selective changes for various peptide mRNAs in the paraventricular nucleus after various types of stress. Significant effects could be demonstrated only on neurotensin and enkephalin mRNA after ether and immobilization stress. This suggests that adaptive changes in the rate of synthesis, processing and transport of the peptide may develop over a longer period of time.

Upregulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in male rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 1018 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Mineta ◽  
Masayoshi Nomura ◽  
Michikazu Terado ◽  
Naohiro Fujimoto ◽  
Takakazu Sasaguri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone

Dehydration-induced drinking decreases Fos expression in hypothalamic paraventricular neurons expressing vasopressin but not corticotropin-releasing hormone

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (3) ◽  
pp. R1349-R1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Wotus ◽  
Michelle M. Arnhold ◽  
William C. Engeland
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Plasma Acth ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Parvocellular Neurons ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
Receiving Water

Water-restricted (WR) rats exhibit a rapid suppression of plasma corticosterone following drinking. The present study monitored Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos) to assess the effect of WR-induced drinking on the activity of vasopressin (VP)-positive magnocellular and parvocellular neurons and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-positive parvocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Adult male rats received water for 30 min (WR) in the post meridiem (PM) each day for 6 days and were killed without receiving water or at 1 h after receiving water for 15 min. In WR rats, Fos increased in VP magnocellular and parvocellular neurons but not CRH neurons. After drinking, Fos was reduced in VP magnocellular and parvocellular neurons but did not change in CRH neurons. To assess the severity of osmotic stress, rats were sampled throughout the final day of WR. Plasma osmolality, hematocrit and plasma VP were increased throughout the day before PM rehydration, and plasma ACTH and corticosterone were elevated at 1230 and 1430, respectively, showing that WR activates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity during the early PM before the time of rehydration. To determine the effects of WR-induced drinking on CRH neurons activated by acute stress, WR rats underwent restraint. Restraint increased plasma ACTH and corticosterone and Fos in CRH neurons; although rehydration reduced plasma ACTH and Fos expression in VP neurons, Fos in CRH neurons was not affected. These results suggest that inhibition of VP magnocellular and parvocellular neurons, but not CRH parvocellular neurons, contributes to the suppression of corticosterone after WR-induced drinking.

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