scholarly journals The gut microbiota of environmentally enriched mice regulates visual cortical plasticity

Cell Reports ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 110212
Author(s):  
Leonardo Lupori ◽  
Sara Cornuti ◽  
Raffaele Mazziotti ◽  
Elisa Borghi ◽  
Emerenziana Ottaviano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Visual Cortical

scholarly journals The gut microbiota of environmentally enriched mice regulates visual cortical plasticity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Lupori ◽  
Sara Cornuti ◽  
Raffaele M Mazziotti ◽  
Elisa Borghi ◽  
Emerenziana Ottaviano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Ocular Dominance ◽  
Standard Condition ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antibiotic Cocktail ◽  
Visual Cortical

Exposing animals to an enriched environment (EE) has dramatic effects on brain structure, function and plasticity. The poorly known "EE derived signals" mediating the EE effects are thought to be generated within the central nervous system. Here, we shift the focus to the body periphery, revealing that gut microbiota signals are crucial for EE-driven plasticity. Developmental analysis of intestinal bacteria composition in EE mice revealed striking differences from standard condition (ST) animals and enhanced levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Depleting the EE mice gut microbiota with an antibiotic cocktail decreased SCFA and prevented EE induction of adult ocular dominance (OD) plasticity, spine dynamics and microglia rearrangement. SCFA treatment in ST mice mimicked the EE induction of adult OD plasticity and morphological microglial rearrangement. Remarkably, transferring the microbiota of EE mice to ST recipients activated adult OD plasticity. Thus, taken together our data suggest that experience-dependent changes in gut microbiota regulate brain plasticity.

Visual cortical plasticity and the risk for psychosis: An interim analysis of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Michael S. Jacob ◽  
Brian J. Roach ◽  
Holly K. Hamilton ◽  
Ricardo E. Carrión ◽  
Aysenil Belger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
North American ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
The North ◽  
Visual Cortical

scholarly journals Subanesthetic ketamine reactivates adult cortical plasticity to restore vision from amblyopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Grieco ◽  
Xin Qiao ◽  
Xiaoting Zheng ◽  
Yongjun Liu ◽  
Lujia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Excitatory Input ◽  
Inhibitory Neurons ◽  
List Type ◽  
Visual Cortical

SummarySubanesthetic ketamine evokes rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects in human patients. The mechanism for ketamine’s effects remains elusive, but ketamine may broadly modulate brain plasticity processes. We show that single-dose ketamine reactivates adult mouse visual cortical plasticity and promotes functional recovery of visual acuity defects from amblyopia. Ketamine specifically induces down-regulation of neuregulin-1 (NRG1) expression in parvalbumin-expressing (PV) inhibitory neurons in mouse visual cortex. NRG1 downregulation in PV neurons co-tracks both the fast onset and sustained decreases in synaptic inhibition to excitatory neurons, along with reduced synaptic excitation to PV neurons in vitro and in vivo following a single ketamine treatment. These effects are blocked by exogenous NRG1 as well as PV targeted receptor knockout. Thus ketamine reactivation of adult visual cortical plasticity is mediated through rapid and sustained cortical disinhibition via downregulation of PV-specific NRG1 signaling. Our findings reveal the neural plasticity-based mechanism for ketamine-mediated functional recovery from adult amblyopia.Highlights○ Disinhibition of excitatory cells by ketamine occurs in a fast and sustained manner○ Ketamine evokes NRG1 downregulation and excitatory input loss to PV cells○ Ketamine induced plasticity is blocked by exogenous NRG1 or its receptor knockout○ PV inhibitory cells are the initial functional locus underlying ketamine’s effects

scholarly journals Neonatal Alcohol Exposure Induces Long-Lasting Impairment of Visual Cortical Plasticity in Ferrets

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (31) ◽  
pp. 10002-10012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre E. Medina ◽  
Thomas E. Krahe ◽  
David M. Coppola ◽  
Ary S. Ramoa
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Plasticity ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Neonatal Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Visual Cortical
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