scholarly journals Reduced inhibition in depression impairs stimulus processing in human cortical microcircuits

Cell Reports ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 110232
Author(s):  
Heng Kang Yao ◽  
Alexandre Guet-McCreight ◽  
Frank Mazza ◽  
Homeira Moradi Chameh ◽  
Thomas D. Prevot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Processing ◽  
Cortical Microcircuits

Separability of Different Negative Components of the Event-Related Potential Associated with Auditory Stimulus Processing

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Alho ◽  
P. Paavilainen ◽  
K. Reinikainen ◽  
M. Sams ◽  
R. Näätänen
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Stimulus Processing

scholarly journals Goal-Directed and Habit-Like Modulations of Stimulus Processing during Reinforcement Learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 3009-3017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Luque ◽  
Tom Beesley ◽  
Richard W. Morris ◽  
Bradley N. Jack ◽  
Oren Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Stimulus Processing

Priming from the Attentional Blink: A Failure to Extract Visual Tokens but Not Visual Types

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimron Shapiro ◽  
Jon Driver ◽  
Robert Ward ◽  
Robyn E. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Stimulus Processing ◽  
Visual Events ◽  
Early Visual Processing ◽  
Location Detection ◽  
Subsequent Target ◽  
Initial Target

When people must detect several targets in a very rapid stream of successive visual events at the same location, detection of an initial target induces misses for subsequent targets within a brief period. This attentional blink may serve to prevent interruption of ongoing target processing by temporarily suppressing vision for subsequent stimuli. We examined the level at which the internal blink operates, specifically, whether it prevents early visual processing or prevents quite substantial processing from reaching awareness. Our data support the latter view. We observed priming from missed letter targets, benefiting detection of a subsequent target with the same identity but a different case. In a second study, we observed semantic priming from word targets that were missed during the blink. These results demonstrate that attentional gating within the blink operates only after substantial stimulus processing has already taken place. The results are discussed in terms of two forms of visual representation, namely, types and tokens.

scholarly journals The Right Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Impacts Control Perception as a Function of Probabilistic Stimulus Processing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Forster ◽  
Johannes Hewig ◽  
John JB Allen ◽  
Johannes Rodrigues ◽  
Philipp Ziebell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Stimulus Processing ◽  
Alpha Response ◽  
Control Situations ◽  
Eeg Alpha ◽  
The Right ◽  
Classical Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Probabilistic Stimulus

Being able to control inner and environmental states is a basic need of living creatures. Control perception (CP) itself may be neurally computed as the subjective ratio of outcome probabilities given the presence and the absence of behavior. If behavior increases the perceived probability of a given outcome, action-outcome contingency is met, and CP may emerge. Nonetheless, in regard of this model, not much is known on how the brain processes CP from these information. This study uses low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation in a randomized-controlled doubleblind cross-over design to investigate the impact of the right inferior frontal gyrus on this process. Fourty healthy participants visited the laboratory twice (once in a sham, once in a neuromodulation condition) and rated their control perception regarding a classical control illusion task. EEG alpha and theta power density were analyzed in a hierarchical single trial based mixed modeling approach. Results indicate that the right lateral PFC modulates action-outcome learning by providing stochastic information about the situation with increased alpha responses during low control situations (in which the ratio of probabilities is zero). Furthermore, this alpha response was found to modulate mid-frontal theta by altering its relationship with self-reported effort and worrying. These data provide evidencefor right lateral PFC mediated probabilistic stimulus processing during the emergence of CP.

Stimulus Processing during Apparent Unconsciousness in Anesthetized Volunteers

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benno Bonke ◽  
Jože Rupreht ◽  
John H. M. Van Eijndhoven
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Unconscious Perception ◽  
Stimulus Processing ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Minimal Effective Concentration ◽  
Period Return

Return of motor-responses upon request as an indicator of stimulus processing during apparent unconsciousness in general anesthesia was studied in 8 healthy, male volunteers during prolonged inhalation of nitrous oxide. First the minimal effective concentration of nitrous oxide was established for each volunteer, based upon continued absence of motor-responses to repeated verbal commands. One week later this concentration of nitrous oxide was administered for a 3-hr. period; return of motor-responses after at least 30 min. of absence was considered a sign of so-called unconscious perception. Four volunteers showed return of motor-response within the 3 hr. of exposure, but two of these had been rather restless throughout the session. Results indicate that unexpected processing of information by patients may occur during presumed unconsciousness after a prolonged inhalation of nitrous oxide in general anesthesia.

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