Conventional and emerging halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in sediment of Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, East China

Chemosphere ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingqing Zhu ◽  
James C.W. Lam ◽  
Shouye Yang ◽  
Paul K.S. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
East China ◽  
Halogenated Flame Retardants

Genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of environmental isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from the Yangtze River Delta region of East China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yingfang Li ◽  
Nan Hong ◽  
Xinlin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
East China ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
Yangtze River Delta Region ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

Abstract Although cryptococcosis is widely recognized as infection by Cryptococcus neoformans sensu lato from environmental sources, information concerning the characteristics of environmental isolates of C. neoformans s. l. and how they are related to clinical isolates is very limited, especially in East China. In this study, 61 environmental isolates of C. neoformans were recovered from pigeon (Columba livia) droppings from the Yangtze River Delta region of East China. These isolates were genotyped using the ISHAM-MLST consensus scheme and their antifungal drug susceptibilities were determined following the CLSI M27-A3 guidelines. The 61 isolates were found belonging to 13 sequence types (STs), including several novel STs such as ST254 and ST194. The dominant ST in this environmental sample was ST31, different from that of clinical strains (ST5) in this region. Azole-resistance, such as fluconazole (FLU)-resistance, was observed among our environmental C. neoformans isolates. The findings of this study expand our understanding of ecological niches, population genetic diversity, and azole-resistance characteristics of the yeast in East China. Our research lays the foundation for further comparative analysis the potential mechanisms for the observed differences between environmental and clinical populations of C. neoformans in China. Lay Summary Cryptococcosis is widely recognized as infection by Cryptococcus neoformans sensu lato from environmental sources. However, there is currently limited information about the genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of environmental C. neoformans s. l. isolates, including how they may differ from clinical samples. In this study, we collected 61 environmental C. neoformans isolates from domestic pigeon droppings from the Yangtze River Delta region of East China. These isolates were genotyped using multi-locus sequencing. We found a high genotypic diversity in this population of C. neoformans, with several novel genotypes and a distribution of genotypes different from that of clinical strains in this region. Azole-resistance, such as fluconazole (FLU)-resistance, was observed among our environmental C. neoformans isolates. The findings of this study expand our understanding of ecological niches, genetic diversity, and azole-resistance characteristics of the yeast in East China. Our research lays the foundation for phylogenomic analysis investigating why and how disparate population structures of C. neoformans isolates formed between environmental and clinical sources in the region.

scholarly journals Neurology practice and stroke services across East China: a multi-site, county-level hospital-based survey

BMC Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Fang Zhang ◽  
Meng-Yao Qiu ◽  
Yu-Lei Zhang ◽  
Xi-Xi Wang ◽  
Guo-Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
East China ◽  
County Level ◽  
Medical Resources ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Level Hospital

Abstract Background Neurological disorders are an economic and public health burden which requires efficient and adequate medical resources. Currently, little is known about the status of the quality of neurological care services available in China. As neurological primary care is mostly provided at the county hospital level, investigation of this geographical level is required. The aim of this study is to evaluate currently available neurology care services in Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations in east China. Methods A multi-site, county-level hospital-based observational survey was conducted in east China from January 2017 to December 2017. A questionnaire was made to assess hospital and the departmental patient care capabilities, human resources and technical capacity in neurology departments. Results Of 228 hospitals across the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations, 217 documents were returned. Of these, 22 were excluded due to invalid hospital information or duplicate submission. Overall, most hospitals have neurology departments (162, 83.1%) while less than half of the hospitals have a stroke center (80, 41.0%) and neurology emergency department (46, 23.6%). Among 162 hospitals with neurology department, 5 were excluded due to inadequate sharing, leaving 157 hospitals for analysis. About 84.1% of these neurology departments can administer intravenous thrombolysis while about one third of them has the ability to perform arterial thrombectomy (36.9%). In addition, 46.2% of hospitals can carry out computed tomography angiography (CTA) in emergency room. Tertiary care hospitals are much more equipped with modern medical resources compared to the secondary hospitals. In four administrative regions, the neurology services are better in more economically advanced regions. Conclusions Neurological care services need to be enhanced at the county-level hospitals to improve health care delivery.

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