Investigating the neural correlates of thermal and electrical stimulation following successful stimulus-artefact removal: A MEG study

Neurorehabilitation effective delivery for stroke is likely to be improved by establishing a mechanistic understanding of how to enhance adaptive plasticity. Functional electrical stimulation is effective at reducing poststroke foot drop; in some patients, the effect persists after therapy has finished with an unknown mechanism. We used fMRI to examine neural correlates of functional electrical stimulation key elements, volitional intent to move and concurrent stimulation, in a group of chronic stroke patients receiving functional electrical stimulation for foot-drop correction. Patients exhibited task-related activation in a complex network, sharing bilateral sensorimotor and supplementary motor activation with age-matched controls. We observed consistent separation of patients with and without carryover effect on the basis of brain responses. Patients who experienced the carryover effect had responses in supplementary motor area that correspond to healthy controls; the interaction between experimental factors in contralateral angular gyrus was seen only in those without carryover. We suggest that the functional electrical stimulation carryover mechanism of action is based on movement prediction and sense of agency/body ownership—the ability of a patient to plan the movement and to perceive the stimulation as a part of his/her own control loop is important for carryover effect to take place.

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Neural Correlates of Heterotopic Facilitation Induced after High Frequency Electrical Stimulation of Nociceptive Pathways

Molecular Pain ◽

10.1186/1744-8069-7-28 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1744-8069-7-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Emanuel N van den Broeke ◽

Casper H van Heck ◽

Clementina M van Rijn ◽

Oliver HG Wilder-Smith

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

High Frequency ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Nociceptive Pathways ◽

Stimulation Of

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The “KIMWIPE” Effect in Ultra-Thin Cryosections

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119119 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 458-459

Author(s):

I. Taylor ◽

P. Ingram ◽

J.R. Sommer

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Muscle Fibers ◽

Ice Crystals ◽

Crystal Formation ◽

Ice Crystal ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Skeletal Muscle Fibers ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Ice Crystal Formation

In studying quick-frozen single intact skeletal muscle fibers for structural and microchemical alterations that occur milliseconds, and fractions thereof, after electrical stimulation, we have developed a method to compare, directly, ice crystal formation in freeze-substituted thin sections adjacent to all, and beneath the last, freeze-dried cryosections. We have observed images in the cryosections that to our knowledge have not been published heretofore (Figs.1-4). The main features are that isolated, sometimes large regions of the sections appear hazy and have much less contrast than adjacent regions. Sometimes within the hazy regions there are smaller areas that appear crinkled and have much more contrast. We have also observed that while the hazy areas remain still, the regions of higher contrast visibly contract in the beam, often causing tears in the sections that are clearly not caused by ice crystals (Fig.3, arrows).

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