Intra-operative cortical motor mapping using subdural grid electrodes in children undergoing epilepsy surgery evaluation and comparison with the conventional extra-operative motor mapping

Most rehabilitation interventions after spinal cord injury (SCI) only target the sublesional spinal networks, peripheral nerves, and muscles. However, mammalian locomotion is not a mere act of rhythmic pattern generation. Recovery of cortical control is essential for voluntary movement and modulation of gait. We developed an intracortical neuroprosthetic intervention to SCI, with the goal to condition cortical locomotor control. Neurostimulation delivered in phase coherence with ongoing locomotion immediately alleviated primary SCI deficits, such as leg dragging, in rats with incomplete SCI. Cortical neurostimulation achieved high fidelity and markedly proportional online control of leg trajectories in both healthy and SCI rats. Long-term neuroprosthetic training lastingly improved cortical control of locomotion, whereas short training held transient improvements. We performed longitudinal awake cortical motor mapping, unveiling that recovery of cortico-spinal transmission tightly parallels return of locomotor function in rats. These results advocate directly targeting the motor cortex in clinical neuroprosthetic approaches.

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Penfield’s stimulation for direct cortical motor mapping: An outdated technique?

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.clinph.2018.09.021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 129 (12) ◽

pp. 2635-2637 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesco Sala

Keyword(s):

Motor Mapping ◽

Cortical Motor

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Cortical Motor Mapping in Epilepsy Patients: Information from Subdural Electrodes in Presurgical Evaluation

Epilepsia ◽

10.1046/j.1528-1157.43.s.9.13.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 56-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Akio Ikeda ◽

Susumu Miyamoto ◽

Hiroshi Shibasaki

Keyword(s):

Presurgical Evaluation ◽

Motor Mapping ◽

Subdural Electrodes ◽

Cortical Motor

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The effects of EEG suppression and anesthetics on stimulus thresholds in functional cortical motor mapping

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.clinph.2010.01.002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 121 (5) ◽

pp. 784-792 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mirela V. Simon ◽

Costas Michaelides ◽

Sonya Wang ◽

Keith H. Chiappa ◽

Emad N. Eskandar

Keyword(s):

Motor Mapping ◽

Cortical Motor

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33. Special characteristics of cortical motor mapping in children

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.clinph.2016.05.308 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 127 (9) ◽

pp. e310

Author(s):

Martin Segura

Keyword(s):

Motor Mapping ◽

Cortical Motor

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Reliability of robotic transcranial magnetic stimulation motor mapping

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00527.2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 125 (1) ◽

pp. 74-85

Author(s):

Adrianna Giuffre ◽

Cynthia K. Kahl ◽

Ephrem Zewdie ◽

James G. Wrightson ◽

Anna Bourgeois ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Motor Cortex ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Motor Mapping ◽

Cortical Motor ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Motor Maps ◽

Absolute Reliability

Robotic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive and safe tool that produces cortical motor maps—individualized representations of the primary motor cortex (M1) topography—that may reflect developmental and interventional plasticity. This study is the first to evaluate short- and long-term relative and absolute reliability of TMS mapping outcomes at various M1 excitability levels using novel robotic neuronavigated TMS.

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Onset Latency of Motor Evoked Potentials in Motor Cortical Mapping with Neuronavigated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

The Open Neurology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874205x01509010062 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 62-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Elisa Kallioniemi ◽

Minna Pitkänen ◽

Laura Säisänen ◽

Petro Julkunen

Keyword(s):

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Motor Evoked Potentials ◽

Motor Evoked Potential ◽

Cortical Mapping ◽

Abductor Pollicis Brevis ◽

Motor Pathways ◽

Motor Mapping ◽

Cortical Motor ◽

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Cortical motor mapping in pre-surgical applications can be performed using motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes evoked with neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation. The MEP latency, which is a more stable parameter than the MEP amplitude, has not so far been utilized in motor mapping. The latency, however, may provide information about the stress in damaged motor pathways, e.g. compression by tumors, which cannot be observed from the MEP amplitudes. Thus, inclusion of this parameter could add valuable information to the presently used technique of MEP amplitude mapping. In this study, the functional cortical representations of first dorsal interosseous (FDI), abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles were mapped in both hemispheres of ten healthy righthanded volunteers. The cortical muscle representations were evaluated by the area and centre of gravity (CoG) by using MEP amplitudes and latencies. As expected, the latency and amplitude CoGs were congruent and were located in the centre of the maps but in a few subjects, instead of a single centre, several loci with short latencies were observed. In conclusion, MEP latencies may be useful in distinguishing the cortical representation areas with the most direct pathways from those pathways with prolonged latencies. However, the potential of latency mapping to identify stressed motor tract connections at the subcortical level will need to be verified in future studies with patients.

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