WITHDRAWN: Relationship between functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and individual differences in goal-engagement dimensions of impulsive sensation seeking

Cortex ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry W. Chase ◽  
Simona Graur ◽  
Jay C. Fournier ◽  
Michele Bertocci ◽  
Tsafrir Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex

scholarly journals Organization of cortico-cortical pathways supporting memory retrieval across subregions of the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 920-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Barredo ◽  
Timothy D. Verstynen ◽  
David Badre
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Connectivity Analysis ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity Analysis

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) evidence indicates that different subregions of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) participate in distinct cortical networks. These networks have been shown to support separable cognitive functions: anterior VLPFC [inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars orbitalis] functionally correlates with a ventral fronto-temporal network associated with top-down influences on memory retrieval, while mid-VLPFC (IFG pars triangularis) functionally correlates with a dorsal fronto-parietal network associated with postretrieval control processes. However, it is not known to what extent subregional differences in network affiliation and function are driven by differences in the organization of underlying white matter pathways. We used high-angular-resolution diffusion spectrum imaging and functional connectivity analysis in unanesthetized humans to address whether the organization of white matter connectivity differs between subregions of VLPFC. Our results demonstrate a ventral-dorsal division within IFG. Ventral IFG as a whole connects broadly to lateral temporal cortex. Although several different individual white matter tracts form connections between ventral IFG and lateral temporal cortex, functional connectivity analysis of fMRI data indicates that these are part of the same ventral functional network. By contrast, across subdivisions, dorsal IFG was connected with the midfrontal gyrus and correlated as a separate dorsal functional network. These qualitative differences in white matter organization within larger macroanatomical subregions of VLPFC support prior functional distinctions among these regions observed in task-based and functional connectivity fMRI studies. These results are consistent with the proposal that anatomical connectivity is a crucial determinant of systems-level functional organization of frontal cortex and the brain in general.

scholarly journals Changes in extra-striatal functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia in a psychotic episode

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Peters ◽  
Valentin Riedl ◽  
Andrei Manoliu ◽  
Martin Scherr ◽  
Dirk Schwerthöffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Psychotic Episode ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Intrinsic Connectivity

BackgroundIn patients with schizophrenia in a psychotic episode, intra-striatal intrinsic connectivity is increased in the putamen but not ventral striatum. Furthermore, multimodal changes have been observed in the anterior insula that interact extensively with the putamen.AimsWe hypothesised that during psychosis, putamen extra-striatal functional connectivity is altered with both the anterior insula and areas normally connected with the ventral striatum (i.e. altered functional connectivity distinctiveness of putamen and ventral striatum).MethodWe acquired resting-state functional magnetic resonance images from 21 patients with schizophrenia in a psychotic episode and 42 controls.ResultsPatients had decreased functional connectivity: the putamen with right anterior insula and dorsal prefrontal cortex, the ventral striatum with left anterior insula. Decreased functional connectivity between putamen and right anterior insula was specifically associated with patients' hallucinations. Functional connectivity distinctiveness was impaired only for the putamen.ConclusionsResults indicate aberrant extra-striatal connectivity during psychosis and a relationship between reduced putamen–right anterior insula connectivity and hallucinations. Data suggest that altered intrinsic connectivity links striatal and insular pathophysiology in psychosis.

scholarly journals Modulation of Resting Connectivity Between the Mesial Frontal Cortex and Basal Ganglia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traian Popa ◽  
Laurel S. Morris ◽  
Rachel Hunt ◽  
Zhi-De Deng ◽  
Silvina Horovitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Independent Components Analysis ◽  
Independent Components ◽  
Components Analysis

AbstractThe mesial prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex and the ventral striatum are key nodes of the human mesial fronto-striatal circuit involved in decision-making and executive function and pathological disorders. Here we ask whether deep wide-field repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the mesial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) influences resting state functional connectivity. In Study 1, we examined functional connectivity using resting state multi-echo and independent components analysis in 154 healthy subjects to characterize default connectivity in the MPFC and mid-cingulate cortex (MCC). In Study 2, we used inhibitory, 1 Hz deep rTMS with the H7-coil targeting MPFC and dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) in a separate group of 20 healthy volunteers and examined pre-and post-TMS functional connectivity using seed-based and independent components analysis. In Study 1, we show that MPFC and MCC have distinct patterns of functional connectivity with MPFC–ventral striatum showing negative, whereas MCC–ventral striatum showing positive functional connectivity. Low-frequency rTMS decreased functional connectivity of MPFC and dACC with the ventral striatum. We further showed enhanced connectivity between MCC and ventral striatum. These findings emphasize how deep inhibitory rTMS using the H7-coil can influence underlying network functional connectivity by decreasing connectivity of the targeted MPFC regions, thus potentially enhancing response inhibition and decreasing drug cue reactivity processes relevant to addictions. The unexpected finding of enhanced default connectivity between MCC and ventral striatum may be related to the decreased influence and connectivity between the MPFC and MCC. These findings are highly relevant to the treatment of disorders relying on the mesioprefrontal–cingulo–striatal circuit.

scholarly journals Empathy and Our Contentment, Cooperation, and Compassion

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-593
Author(s):  
Horacio Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Motor Area ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Healthy Relationships ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Racial Harmony ◽  
Social And Emotional Wellbeing

Empathy is the cornerstone of healthy relationships and the ability to navigate complex social situations. The cognitive system that produces empathy, the left ventral striatum, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and supplemental motor area, motivates cooperation with others. Indications that empathy is on the decline should concern each individual because it is essential for our social and emotional wellbeing. Without empathy, we lose the ability to be compassionate. Empathy is many things, explaining why it can produce contradictory outcomes simultaneously. The evolutionary mandate of empathy might be the source of racial strife as well as the key to achieving racial harmony.

scholarly journals Individual differences in frontoparietal plasticity in humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin L Boroshok ◽  
Anne T Park ◽  
Panagiotis Fotiadis ◽  
Gerardo H Velasquez ◽  
Ursula A Tooley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Neural Plasticity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Complex Cognition

Neuroplasticity, defined as the brain's ability to change in response to its environment, has been extensively studied at the cellular and molecular levels. Work in animal models suggests that stimulation to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) enhances plasticity, and that myelination constrains plasticity. Little is known, however, about whether proxy measures of these properties in the human brain are associated with learning. Here we investigated the plasticity of the frontoparietal system (FPS), which supports complex cognition. We asked whether VTA resting-state functional connectivity and myelin map (T1-w/T2-w ratio) values predicted learning after short-term training on a FPS-dependent task: the adaptive n-back (n = 46, ages 18-25). We found that stronger connectivity between VTA and lateral prefrontal cortex at baseline predicted greater improvements in accuracy. Lower myelin map values predicted improvement in response times, but not accuracy. Our findings suggest that proxy markers of neural plasticity can predict learning in humans.

scholarly journals Heightened connectivity between the ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex as a biomarker for stress-related psychopathology: understanding interactive effects of early and more recent stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1835-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Hanson ◽  
Annchen R. Knodt ◽  
Bartholomew D. Brigidi ◽  
Ahmad R. Hariri
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Cumulative Stress ◽  
Internalizing Symptomatology

BackgroundThe experience of childhood maltreatment is a significant risk factor for the development of depression. This risk is particularly heightened after exposure to additional, more contemporaneous stress. While behavioral evidence exists for this relation, little is known about biological correlates of these stress interactions. Identifying such correlates may provide biomarkers of risk for later depression.MethodsHere, we leverage behavioral, experiential, and neuroimaging data from the Duke Neurogenetics Study to identify potential biomarkers of stress exposure. Based on the past research, we were specifically interested in reward-related connectivity and the interaction of early and more recent stress. We examined psychophysiological interactions between the ventral striatum and other brain regions in relation to these stress variables, as well as measures of internalizing symptomatology (n = 926, participant age range = 18–22 years of age).ResultsWe found relatively increased reward-related functional connectivity between the left ventral striatum and the medial prefrontal cortex in individuals exposed to greater levels of childhood maltreatment who also experienced greater levels of recent life stress (β = 0.199, p < 0.005). This pattern of functional connectivity was further associated with elevated symptoms of depression (β = 0.089, p = 0.006). Furthermore, using a moderated mediation framework, we demonstrate that this functional connectivity provides a biological link between cumulative stress exposure and internalizing symptomatology.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a novel biomarker linking cumulative stress exposure with the later experience of depressive symptoms. Our results are discussed in the context of past research examining stress exposure in relation to depression.

Individual differences in science competence among students are associated with ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Allaire‐Duquette ◽  
Michel Bélanger ◽  
Roland H. Grabner ◽  
Karl Koschutnig ◽  
Steve Masson
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex

scholarly journals Anatomical and functional connectivity support the existence of a salience network node within the caudal ventrolateral prefrontal cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas R. Trambaiolli ◽  
Xiaolong Peng ◽  
Julia F. Lehman ◽  
Hesheng Liu ◽  
Suzanne N. Haber
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cognitive Networks ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Caudal Area

AbstractThree large-scale brain networks are considered essential to cognitive flexibility: the ventral and dorsal attention (VAN and DAN) and salience (SN) networks. The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) is a known component of the VAN and DAN, but its role in the SN is controversial. In this study, we used a translational and multimodal approach to demonstrate the existence of a SN node within the vlPFC. First, we used tract-tracing methods in non-human primates (NHP) to quantify the anatomic connectivity strength between the different vlPFC areas and the frontal and insular cortices. The strongest connections with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI) locations comprising the two main cortical SN nodes were derived from the caudal area 47/12. This location also has strong axonal projections to subcortical structures of the salience network, including the dorsomedial thalamus, hypothalamus, sublenticular extended amygdala, and periaqueductal gray. Second, we used a seed-based functional connectivity analysis in NHP resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) data to validate the caudal area 47/12 as an SN node. Third, we used the same approach in human rsfMRI data to identify a homologous structure in caudal area 47/12, also showing strong connections with the SN cortical nodes, thus confirming the caudal area 47/12 as the SN node in the vlPFC. Taken together, the vlPFC contains nodes for all three cognitive networks, the VAN, DAN, and SN. Thus, the vlPFC is in a position to switch between these three cognitive networks, suggesting a key role as an attentional hub. Its tight additional connections to the orbitofrontal, dorsolateral, and ventral premotor cortices, places the vlPFC at the center for switching behaviors based on environmental stimuli, computing value and cognitive control.

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