Concomitant recovery from left spatial neglect and inflammatory dysfunction of white-matter pathways in a case of acute disseminated encephalo-myelitis (ADEM)

Cortex ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Francesco Tomaiuolo ◽  
Serena Campana ◽  
Luca Cecchetti ◽  
Rosita Galli ◽  
Gesualdo M. Zucco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Spatial Neglect

scholarly journals Structural white-matter connections mediating distinct behavioral components of spatial neglect in right brain-damaged patients

Cortex ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 54-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten J. Vaessen ◽  
Arnaud Saj ◽  
Karl-Olof Lovblad ◽  
Markus Gschwind ◽  
Patrik Vuilleumier
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Right Brain

scholarly journals NXY-059, the free radical trapping nitrone-based agent, reduces hemiparesis and reduces grey and white matter damage after focal cerebral ischemia in monkeys

Stroke ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 327-327
Author(s):  
J Wb Marshall ◽  
K J Duffin ◽  
A R Green ◽  
R M Ridley
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
White Matter Damage ◽  
Radical Trapping ◽  
Published Evidence

60 There is little published evidence for protection of white matter with neuroprotective drugs in animal models of stroke, yet white matter protection may be important in achieving clinical efficacy. We have examined the effects of NXY-059, a nitrone-based free radical trapping agent, on long-term functional disability in a primate model of stroke. We also examined histopathological effects, including analyses of grey and white matter damage. Five minutes after unilateral permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion, marmosets received a 1 ml i.v. infusion of saline (n=5) or NXY-059 (28 mg/kg) (n=6) and osmotic minipumps (model 2001D) were implanted s.c. to provide continuous drug or saline infusion for 48 h. Drug-filled pumps released NXY-059 at a rate of approximately 16 mg/kg/h. The plasma unbound drug concentration at 24 h was 76.3 ± 5.7 μM, a level well tolerated in acute stroke patients. The monkeys had been trained and tested on a variety of behavioral tasks before surgery. NXY-059-treated monkeys were significantly better at reaching with their contralesional arm than were saline-treated monkeys when re-tested 3 (p<0.01) and 10 weeks (p<0.01) after surgery. NXY-059-treatment also significantly reduced spatial neglect measured 3 weeks after surgery (p<0.01) compared with the saline group. After behavioral testing was complete, histopathological analysis showed NXY-059-treated monkeys had significantly smaller infarcts than saline-treated monkeys (F (1, 10)=5.21, p<0.05). NXY-059 reduced overall infarct size by 51%, damage to the cortex was reduced by 54%, white matter by 52%, caudate by 49%, and putamen by 33% compared with saline-treated monkeys. In conclusion, NXY-059 substantially lessened the functional disability in these monkeys. This drug protects not only cortical tissue, but also white matter and subcortical structures against ischemic damage. Together these findings bode well for advancing this drug to further clinical trials for its use in acute stroke.

scholarly journals Damage to White Matter Pathways in Subacute and Chronic Spatial Neglect: A Group Study and 2 Single-Case Studies with Complete Virtual "In Vivo" Tractography Dissection

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Thiebaut de Schotten ◽  
F. Tomaiuolo ◽  
M. Aiello ◽  
S. Merola ◽  
M. Silvetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Spatial Neglect

Disconnections in Personal Neglect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Bertagnoli ◽  
Valentina Pacella ◽  
Elena Rossato ◽  
Paul M Jenkinson ◽  
Akaterini Fotopoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Extrapersonal Space

Abstract Personal neglect is a disorder in the perception and representation of the body that causes the patients to behave as if the contralesional side of their body does not exist. This clinical condition has not been adequately investigated in the past as it has been considered a symptom of unilateral spatial neglect, which has mainly been studied with reference to extrapersonal space. Only a few studies with small samples have investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of personal neglect, and these have mainly focused on discrete cortical lesions and modular accounts, as well as being based on the hypothesis that this disorder is associated with somatosensory and spatial deficits. In the present study, we tested the novel hypothesis that personal neglect may be associated not only with discrete cortical and subcortical lesions, but also with disconnections of white matter tracts. We performed an advanced lesion analyses in a large sample of 104 right hemisphere damaged patients, 68 of whom were suffering from personal neglect. Results from the analyses of the grey and white matter were controlled for co-occurrent clinical variables such as extrapersonal neglect, anosognosia for hemiplegia and motor deficits, along with other lesion-related variables such as lesion size, the interval from the lesion onset to neuroimaging recordings. Our results reveal that personal neglect is associated with lesions in a medial network which involves the temporal cortex (Heschl’s gyrus), the ventro-lateral nuclei of the thalamus, and the fornix. This suggests that personal neglect involves a convergence between sensorimotor processes, spatial representation and the processing of self-referred information (episodic memory).

scholarly journals Left egocentric neglect in early subacute right-stroke patients is related to damage of the superior longitudinal fasciculus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Spanò ◽  
Davide Nardo ◽  
Giovanni Giulietti ◽  
Alessandro Matano ◽  
Ilenia Salsano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Unilateral Spatial Neglect ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractA typical consequence of stroke in the right hemisphere is unilateral spatial neglect. Distinct forms of neglect have been described, such as space-based (egocentric) and object-based (allocentric) neglect. However, the relationship between these two forms of neglect is still far from being understood, as well as their neural substrates. Here, we further explore this issue by using voxel lesion symptoms mapping (VLSM) analyses on a large sample of early subacute right-stroke patients assessed with the Apples Cancellation Test. This is a sensitive test that simultaneously measures both egocentric and allocentric neglect. Behaviourally, we found no correlation between egocentric and allocentric performance, indicating independent mechanisms supporting the two forms of neglect. This was confirmed by the VLSM analysis that pointed out a link between a damage in the superior longitudinal fasciculus and left egocentric neglect. By contrast, no association was found between brain damage and left allocentric neglect. These results indicate a higher probability to observe egocentric neglect as a consequence of white matter damages in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, while allocentric neglect appears more “globally” related to the whole lesion map. Overall, these findings on early subacute right-stroke patients highlight the role played by white matter integrity in sustaining attention-related operations within an egocentric frame of reference.

White matter lesions and cognitive impairment may be related to recovery from unilateral spatial neglect after stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisako Köder Kamakura ◽  
Yuji Ueno ◽  
Yuzuru Sakai ◽  
Hisao Yoshida ◽  
Saiko Aiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Unilateral Spatial Neglect

Distinct white matter alterations following severe stroke

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (16) ◽  
pp. 1546-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roza M. Umarova ◽  
Lena Beume ◽  
Marco Reisert ◽  
Christoph P. Kaller ◽  
Stefan Klöppel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Structural Reorganization ◽  
Domain Specific

Objective:To distinguish white matter remodeling directly induced by stroke lesion from that evoked by remote network dysfunction, using spatial neglect as a model.Methods:We examined 24 visual neglect/extinction patients and 17 control patients combining comprehensive analyses of diffusion tensor metrics and global fiber tracking with neuropsychological testing in the acute (6.3 ± 0.5 days poststroke) and chronic (134 ± 7 days poststroke) stroke phases.Results:Compared to stroke controls, patients with spatial neglect/extinction displayed longitudinal white matter alterations with 2 defining signatures: (1) perilesional degenerative changes characterized by congruently reduced fractional anisotropy and increased radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity, and mean diffusivity, all suggestive of direct axonal damage by lesion and therefore nonspecific for impaired attention network and (2) transneuronal changes characterized by an increased RD in contralesional frontoparietal and bilateral occipital connections, suggestive of primary periaxonal involvement; these changes were distinctly related to the degree of unrecovered neglect symptoms in chronic stroke, hence emerging as network-specific alterations.Conclusions:The present data show how stroke entails global alterations of lesion-spared network architecture over time. Sufficiently large lesions of widely interconnected association cortex induce distinct, large-scale structural reorganization in domain-specific network connections. Besides their relevance to unrecovered domain-specific symptoms, these effects might also explain mechanisms of domain-general deficits in stroke patients, pointing to potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Damage to White Matter Fiber Tracts in Acute Spatial Neglect

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2331-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-O. Karnath ◽  
C. Rorden ◽  
L. F. Ticini
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
White Matter Fiber Tracts

FT-IR microspectroscopic analysis of diseased white matter brain tissues

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 968-969
Author(s):  
Steven M. Le Vine ◽  
David L. Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Twitcher Mouse ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Microspectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Evidence

In situ FT-IR microspectroscopy has allowed spatially resolved interrogation of different parts of brain tissue. In previous work the spectrrscopic features of normal barin tissue were characterized. The white matter, gray matter and basal ganglia were mapped from appropriate peak area measurements from spectra obtained in a grid pattern. Bands prevalent in white matter were mostly associated with the lipid. These included 2927 and 1469 cm-1 due to CH2 as well as carbonyl at 1740 cm-1. Also 1235 and 1085 cm-1 due to phospholipid and galactocerebroside, respectively (Figs 1and2). Localized chemical changes in the white matter as a result of white matter diseases have been studied. This involved the documentation of localized chemical evidence of demyelination in shiverer mice in which the spectra of white matter lacked the marked contrast between it and gray matter exhibited in the white matter of normal mice (Fig. 3).The twitcher mouse, a model of Krabbe’s desease, was also studied. The purpose in this case was to look for a localized build-up of psychosine in the white matter caused by deficiencies in the enzyme responsible for its breakdown under normal conditions.

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