A nitrogen fixation estimate for the Baltic Sea based on continuous pCO2 measurements on a cargo ship and total nitrogen data

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1535-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Schneider ◽  
Seppo Kaitala ◽  
Mika Raateoja ◽  
Bernd Sadkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Nitrogen fixation estimates for the Baltic Sea indicate high rates for the previously overlooked Bothnian Sea

AMBIO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Olofsson ◽  
Isabell Klawonn ◽  
Bengt Karlson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
External Input ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
External Loading ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Bothnian Sea

AbstractDense blooms of diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria are formed every summer in the Baltic Sea. We estimated their contribution to nitrogen fixation by combining two decades of cyanobacterial biovolume monitoring data with recently measured genera-specific nitrogen fixation rates. In the Bothnian Sea, estimated nitrogen fixation rates were 80 kt N year−1, which has doubled during recent decades and now exceeds external loading from rivers and atmospheric deposition of 69 kt year−1. The estimated contribution to the Baltic Proper was 399 kt N year−1, which agrees well with previous estimates using other approaches and is greater than the external input of 374 kt N year−1. Our approach can potentially be applied to continuously estimate nitrogen loads via nitrogen fixation. Those estimates are crucial for ecosystem adaptive management since internal nitrogen loading may counteract the positive effects of decreased external nutrient loading.

scholarly journals Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen to the Baltic Sea in the period 1995–2006

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 10057-10069 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bartnicki ◽  
V. S. Semeena ◽  
H. Fagerli
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin

Abstract. The EMEP/MSC-W model has been used to compute atmospheric nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea basin for the period of 12 yr: 1995–2006. The level of annual total nitrogen deposition into the Baltic Sea basin has changed from 230 Gg N in 1995 to 199 Gg N in 2006, decreasing 13 %. This value corresponds well with the total nitrogen emission reduction (11 %) in the HELCOM Contracting Parties. However, inter-annual variability of nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea basin is relatively large, ranging from −13 % to +17 % of the averaged value. It is mainly caused by the changing meteorological conditions and especially precipitation in the considered period. The calculated monthly deposition pattern is similar for most of the years showing maxima in the autumn months October and November. The source allocation budget for atmospheric nitrogen deposition to the Baltic Sea basin was calculated for each year of the period 1997–2006. The main emission sources contributing to total nitrogen deposition are: Germany 18–22 %, Poland 11–13 % and Denmark 8–11 %. There is also a significant contribution from distant sources like the United Kingdom 6–9 %, as well as from the international ship traffic on the Baltic Sea 4–5 %.

scholarly journals Quantifying the contribution of shipping NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions to the marine nitrogen inventory – a case study for the western Baltic Sea

Ocean Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-134
Author(s):  
Daniel Neumann ◽  
Matthias Karl ◽  
Hagen Radtke ◽  
Volker Matthias ◽  
René Friedland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The western Baltic Sea is impacted by various anthropogenic activities and stressed by high riverine and atmospheric nutrient loads. Atmospheric deposition accounts for up to a third of the nitrogen input into the Baltic Sea and contributes to eutrophication. Amongst other emission sources, the shipping sector is a relevant contributor to the atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOX) in marine regions. Thus, it also contributes to atmospheric deposition of bioavailable oxidized nitrogen into the Baltic Sea. In this study, the contribution of shipping emissions to the nitrogen budget in the western Baltic Sea is evaluated with the coupled three-dimensional physical biogeochemical model MOM–ERGOM (Modular Ocean Model–Ecological ReGional Ocean Model) in order to assess the relevance of shipping emissions for eutrophication. The atmospheric input of bioavailable nitrogen impacts eutrophication differently depending on the time and place of input. The shipping sector contributes up to 5 % to the total nitrogen concentrations in the water. The impact of shipping-related nitrogen is highest in the offshore regions distant from the coast in early summer, but its contribution is considerably reduced during blooms of cyanobacteria in late summer because the cyanobacteria fix molecular nitrogen. Although absolute shipping-related total nitrogen concentrations are high in some coastal regions, the relative contribution of the shipping sector is low in the vicinity of the coast because of high riverine nutrient loads.

scholarly journals Contribution of shipping NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions to the marine nitrogenbudget of the western Baltic Sea – A case study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Neumann ◽  
Matthias Karl ◽  
Hagen Radtke ◽  
Volker Matthias ◽  
René Friedland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The western Baltic Sea is impacted by various anthropogenic activities and stressed by high riverine and atmospheric nutrient loads. Atmospheric deposition accounts for up to a third of the nitrogen input into the Baltic Sea and contributes to eutrophication. Amongst other emission sources, the shipping sector is a relevant contributor to atmospheric concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in marine regions. Thus, it also contributes to atmospheric deposition of bioavailable oxidized nitrogen into the Baltic Sea. In this study, the contribution of shipping emissions to the nitrogen budget in the western Baltic Sea is evaluated with the coupled three-dimensional physical biogeochemical model MOM-ERGOM in order to assess the relevance of shipping emissions for eutrophication. The input of bioavailable nitrogen impacts eutrophication differently depending on time and place of input – e.g. nitrogen is processed and denitrified faster in flat coastal regions. The shipping sector contributes up to 5 % to the total nitrogen concentrations in the water. The impact of shipping-related nitrogen is highest in the off-shore regions distant to the coast in early summer but is considerably reduced during blooms of cyanobacteria in later summer. Although absolute shipping-related total nitrogen concentrations are high in some coastal regions, the relative contribution of the shipping sector is low in the vicinity to the coast because of high riverine nutrient loads.

scholarly journals The supply of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from small urban catchments into the Gulf of Gdańsk

Baltica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Roman Cieśliński ◽  
Alicja Olszewska ◽  
Łukasz Pietruszyński ◽  
Marta Budzisz ◽  
Katarzyna Jereczek-Korzeniewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Gulf Of Gdańsk ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Gulf Of Gdansk ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The City

The main goal of work was to quantify the nitrogen and phosphorus loads transported by small streams to the Gulf of Gdańsk. The research aims to determine wastewater release volumes over time, instead of focusing only on spatial distributions. Another aim is to identify the main determinants potentially affecting water quality in rivers flowing across the city of Sopot. The study area consists of six small river catchments located in the city of Sopot, each with an open flow channel, which lies along the bay. Studies were conducted 12 times per year in the period from March 2014 to February 2015. Laboratory analyses were performed to determine the concentration of both total nitrogen and total phosphorus. In order to calculate pollutant loads, discharge was also measured in each of studied rivers. Conducted research has shown that all analyzed streams were characterized by low total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. The mean annual values ranged from 0.60 to 1.28 mg·dm-3 in case of total nitrogen and from 0.066 to 0.100 mg·dm-3 in case of total phosphorus. In 2012, the total nitrogen load from Poland to the Baltic Sea was 210.768.000 kg N while the total phosphorus load was 15.269.000 kg P, which means that streams analyzed in this paper supplied barely 0.002 % of the biogenic load supplied to the Baltic Sea by Poland as a whole.

scholarly journals Modeling cyanobacteria life cycle dynamics and historical nitrogen fixation in the Baltic Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Hieronymus ◽  
Kari Eilola ◽  
Malin Olofsson ◽  
Inga Hense ◽  
H. E. Markus Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Model Combination ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. Dense blooms of filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria are formed every summer in the Baltic Sea. These autotrophic organisms may bypass nitrogen limitation by performing nitrogen fixation, which also governs surrounding organisms by releasing bioavailable nitrogen. The magnitude of the nitrogen fixation is important to estimate from a management perspective since this might counteract eutrophication reduction measures. Here, a cyanobacteria life cycle model has been implemented for the first time in a high-resolution 3D coupled physical and biogeochemical model of the Baltic Sea spanning the years 1850–2008. The explicit consideration of life cycle dynamics and transitions significantly improves the representation of the cyanobacterial phenological patterns. Compared to earlier 3D-modelling efforts, the rapid increase and decrease of cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea is well captured by our developed model and is now in concert with observations. The current improvement in timing of cyanobacteria blooms had a large effect on the estimated nitrogen fixation load and is in agreement with in situ measurements. By performing four phosphorus sensitivity runs we demonstrate the importance of both organic and inorganic phosphorus availability for historical cyanobacterial biomass estimates. The used model combination can be used to continuously estimate internal nitrogen loads via nitrogen fixation in Baltic Sea ecosystem management, which is of extra importance in a future ocean with changed conditions for the filamentous cyanobacteria.

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