scholarly journals Non-sexual abdominal appendages in adult insects challenge a 300 million year old bauplan

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. R16-R17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelore Hoch ◽  
Andreas Wessel ◽  
Manfred Asche ◽  
Daniel Baum ◽  
Felix Beckmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Appendages

XV. On the development of the parasitic isopoda

1878 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Pair Of Antennae

The following paper contains an account of observations on the development of the species Cymothoa œstroides and C . parallela of Milne Edwards; but the forms of the young seem to show that several species are really included under these two names. In the early stages of development the only observable difference that exists between the embryos is one of size, but in the later stages they differ very markedly from each other in their external characters. From adult individuals answering the description of C . œstroides I have obtained four varieties of embryos: two with long antennae and two with short.* In the two former the first pair of antennae are but slightly longer than the head, while the second pair are longer than the body; the eyes are small. In one of the varieties thus characterised the abdominal appendages are fringed with long hairs (fig. 20), and in the other they are smooth.

Thoracic Leg Control of Abdominal Extension in the Crayfish, Procambarus Clarkii

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
CHARLES H. PAGE
Keyword(s):  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Extensor Muscles ◽  
Carpal Joint ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Leg Movement ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Abdominal Movement ◽  
Stimulation Of

Postural extensions of the abdomen of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, could be evoked by mechanical stimulation of a single thoracic leg. Movement of a single leg joint was sufficient to initiate an extension response. Vigorous abdominal extensions were initiated either by depression of the whole leg (WLD) or by flexion of the mero-carpal joint (MCF). Weaker extension responses were obtained by depression of the thoracic-coxal and coxo-basal joints. Similar stimulation of the chelipeds did not elicit an abdominal extension response. Single-frame analysis of motion pictures of crayfish responding to WLD or MCF stimulation of a 2nd thoracic leg showed that the responses evoked by the two different stimulus situations were nearly identical. They differed principally in the responses of the leg located contralateral to the stimulated leg. Movements of most of the cephalic, thoracic and abdominal appendages accompanied the abdominal extension response. Only the eyes remained stationary throughout the response. The mean values of the latencies for the initiation of appendage movement ranged from 125 to 204 ma; abdominal movement had a mean latency of about 220 ms. The abdominal extension reflex resulted from the activity of the tonic superficial extensor muscles. The deep phasic extensor muscles were silent during the response. The mean latencies for the initiation of superficial extensor muscle activity by WLD and MCF stimulation were 53·7 and 50·0 ms respectively.

Memoirs: Abdominal appendages in the female and copulatory appendages in the male Asellus

1938 ◽  
Vol s2-81 (321) ◽  
pp. 127-150
Author(s):  
A. E. NEEDHAM
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Embryological Study ◽  
Brood Pouch ◽  
Thoracic Segment ◽  
Asellus Aquaticus ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Copulatory Apparatus ◽  
Abdominal Appendages

1. In the female Asellus aquaticus it is the first pair of pleopods which is missing and not the second pair, as was usually held. This condition is the result of an inhibition on the development of the last thoracic and first abdominal segments in later brood-pouch stages, an inhibition which is only temporary in the last thoracic segment and in the first abdominal segment of the male. 2. The resemblance between the second abdominal appendages in the female and the first pair of the male is therefore purely convergent. 3. The strong probability that the same condition holds throughout the sub-order Asellota is supported bj a comparison of adult morphology, and should be verified by embryological study. It is more usual in Crustacea for appendages to be lost at the end than in the middle of a series. 4. The structure of the copulatory apparatus of the adult male Asellus is extremely complex, and apparently closely adapted to its mode of function. In contrast the female apparatus is of the simplest. 5. Points of evolutionary and genetical interest are raised by the condition of these appendages in the two sexes.

scholarly journals NORTH AMERICAN THYSANURA.—II

1893 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 173-174
Author(s):  
Alex. D. Macgillivray
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Important Paper ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
American Writer ◽  
Abdominal Appendages

The genus Japyx has been of particular interest because of the apparent absence of rudimentary abdominal appendages. One American* writer says very decidedly. “Japyx has none”; a well-known English † writer considers these appendages as “represented by mere groups of stiff hairs.” The presence of these appendages was indicated as early as 1869, by Brauer, ‡ in his description of Japyx gigas. In 1889 there appeared a very important paper by Haase§, in which the rudimentary appendages are distinctly shown. These appendages can easily be seen in either of the species described below.

Breeding Behaviour and Oviposition in Hetaerina americana (Fabricius) and H. titia (Drury) (Odonata: Agriidae)

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Species Recognition ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Body Coloration ◽  
Ischnura Elegans ◽  
Wing Patterns ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Calopteryx Splendens ◽  
Wing Coloration

The objective of this study is to describe the copulatory and ovipositional behaviour of Hetaerina americana and H. titia, and to depict any differences in such behaviour as may exist between these two species. It is quite important in such studies to understand the mechanisms which assure conspecific mating. Both americana and titia are found breeding together on many of the streams of central Texas. Williamson (1906) pointed out that species in which the abdominal appendages were very similar often had sexually dimorphic and/or specifically distinct wing coloration, while species with clear wings had quite distinct abdominal appendages. These different wing patterns were suggested as functioning in species recognition for conspecific mating. Buchholtz (1951, 1955) experimentally verified that the females of Calopteryx splendens recognize and respond to males of their own species through a set of optical stimuli including the color pattern of the wing. Loibl (1958) and Krieger and Krieger-Lobl (1958) experimentally demonstrated that in Lestes dryas, L. sponsa, Ischnura elegans and I. pumila, all of which have clear, colorless wings, the species recognition factors are the shape of the abdominal appendages and body coloration. Williamson's early inferences appear to have been well documented.

scholarly journals Giant Water Bugs, Electric Light Bugs, Lethocerus, Abedus, Belostoma (Insecta: Heteroptera: Belostomatidae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Choate
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Electric Light ◽  
Water Bugs

The heteropteran family Belostomatidae contains the giant water bugs. These large, predatory, aquatic insects have the largest body size among the Heteroptera. Adults of some South American species reach 4 inches in length. Individuals occur in ponds and ditches where they suspend below the surface, respiring through two abdominal appendages which act as siphons. During mating season they fly from pond to pond or pool of water. It is during these flights that these insects fly to lights in large numbers, earning their other common name, "electric light bugs". Individuals are capable of inflicting a painful bite with their strong beak, and may also pinch with their front legs. Individuals prey on aquatic insects, small fish, frogs, tadpoles, small birds, and other organisms they are able to capture. Powerful enzymes are injected into prey to kill them. Adults of Lethocerus are considered a delicacy in Asia, and are eaten both fresh and cooked. This document is EENY-301, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: July 2003. Revised: October 2003. EENY-301/IN578: Giant Water Bugs, Electric Light Bugs, Lethocerus, Abedus, Belostoma (Insecta: Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) (ufl.edu)

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