MODERN ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE POWER PLANTS AND THE PROBLEMS OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN RUSSIA

The problems of developing new storage devices at all stages of development are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of modern lithium-ion storage devices are presented. The main problems of the accumulation industry development in Russia and the directions of their solution are shown.

Tentacle patterning during Exaiptasia diaphana pedal lacerate development differs between symbiotic and aposymbiotic animals

Exaiptasia diaphana, a tropical sea anemone known as Aiptasia, is a tractable model system for studying the cellular, physiological, and ecological characteristics of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis. Aiptasia is widely used as a proxy for coral-algal symbiosis, since both Aiptasia and corals form a symbiosis with members of the family Symbiodiniaceae. Laboratory strains of Aiptasia can be maintained in both the symbiotic (Sym) and aposymbiotic (Apo, without algae) states. Apo Aiptasia allow for the study of the influence of symbiosis on different biological processes and how different environmental conditions impact symbiosis. A key feature of Aiptasia is the ease of propagating both Sym and Apo individuals in the laboratory through a process called pedal laceration. In this form of asexual reproduction, small pieces of tissue rip away from the pedal disc of a polyp, then these lacerates eventually develop tentacles and grow into new polyps. While pedal laceration has been described in the past, details of how tentacles are formed or how symbiotic and nutritional state influence this process are lacking. Here we describe the stages of development in both Sym and Apo pedal lacerates. Our results show that Apo lacerates develop tentacles earlier than Sym lacerates, while over the course of 20 days, Sym lacerates end up with a greater number of tentacles. We describe both tentacle and mesentery patterning during lacerate development and show that they form through a single pattern in early stages regardless of symbiotic state. In later stages of development, Apo lacerate tentacles and mesenteries progress through a single pattern, while variable patterns were observed in Sym lacerates. We discuss how Aiptasia lacerate mesentery and tentacle patterning differs from oral disc regeneration and how these patterning events compare to postembryonic development in Nematostella vectensis, another widely-used sea anemone model. In addition, we demonstrate that Apo lacerates supplemented with a putative nutrient source developed an intermediate number of tentacles between un-fed Apo and Sym lacerates. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that pedal lacerates progress through two different, putatively nutrient-dependent phases of development. In the early phase, the lacerate, regardless of symbiotic state, preferentially uses or relies on nutrients carried over from the adult polyp. These resources are sufficient for lacerates to develop into a functional polyp. In the late phase of development, continued growth and tentacle formation is supported by nutrients obtained from either symbionts and/or the environment through heterotrophic feeding. Finally, we advocate for the implementation of pedal lacerates as an additional resource in the Aiptasia model system toolkit for studies of cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis.

Space Industry in China: Stages of Development, Current State, Problems and Prospects

The article analyzes the development of China’s space industry from its inception to the present. It is shown that the PRC has consistently implemented a policy of development of this strategic industry and has made tremendous progress in this area to date. Having gone through a number of stages, first with the help of external support (the USSR), then relying mainly on its own forces, China has made a breakthrough in space and today represents one of the world’s largest space powers. At the same time, the problems that persist in the industry need to be solved.

Validity of an instrument on Nursing care for people with chronic wounds

Objective: to build and validate the content of an instrument to investigate changes in the Nursing care provided to people with chronic wounds. Methods: methodological study, consisting of the stages of development and content validity, according to the criteria of clarity and relevance, by six judges, using the Delphi technique in two rounds. A Coefficient of Content Validity ≥ 0.8 was considered adequate. Results: the first version of the instrument contained 15 questions and after the judges’ evaluation it was reduced to 11, addressing the periods before and during the pandemic. In the second round of evaluation, it was verified that the instrument showed a total content validity coefficient equal to 0.96. Conclusion: the instrument showed evidence of content validity and can be used to investigate possible changes resulting from the pandemic of COVID-19 in the Nursing care of people with chronic wounds in Primary Care.

The Relative Efficiency of Skilled Labor across Countries: Measurement and Interpretation

I study how the relative efficiency of high- and low-skill labor varies across countries. Using microdata for countries at different stages of development, I document that differences in relative quantities and wages are consistent with high-skill workers being relatively more productive in rich countries. I exploit variation in the skill premia of foreign-educated migrants to discriminate between two possible drivers of this pattern: cross-country differences in the skill bias of technology and in the relative human capital of skilled labor. I find that the former is quantitatively more important, and discuss the implications of this result for development accounting. (JEL I26, J24, J31, J61, L16, O15)

The structure of the Eurosceptic movement in Poland – political and civil far-right extremists

Far-right extremist groups in Poland have undergone the substantive evolution over the course of last thirty years – from being marginalized, small in number group to being one of the most developed and numerous movements in civil society, as well as on the political landscape. The article examines the history of this movement, its stages of development and demonstrates how pivotal is the role of far-right groups in Euroscepticism in Poland.

Czy partnerstwo Polski i Rosji jest platformą do kontaktów i współpracy gospodarczej?

Partnership creates a basis for relations and connections (including between states, cross-border and interregional), enabling the development of contacts and comprehensive economic and non-economic cooperation. This role is performed in its various forms and on a different basis. The article presents the partnership (including the economic one) that is being implemented between Poland and Russia, its scope, stages of development and the existing tariff, non- and par-tariff barriers in trade. The analysis shows that currently the Polish-Russian partnership is selective in nature and is subject to a high degree of uncertainty as a result of political decisions.

The Definition of Sports Concept and Analysis of Its Historical Evolution

The status of sports in today’s life is rising day by day. As a sports culture person, the most important thing to spread sports culture better is to clearly define what “sports” is. At different stages of development in modern times, the discourses on sports concepts at home and abroad have shown the characteristics of “historic and epochal”, reflecting people’s different understandings of the attributes of sports at different stages. This article discusses the definition and historical evolution of sports concepts at home and abroad from different historical stages in order to better understand and study sports.