Studi Morfologi, Ontogeni, Dan Strategi Reproduksi Pada Melanoides Tuberculata (Müller , 1774) Dan Stenomelania Punctata (Lamarck, 1822) (Gastropoda: Cerithioidea: Thiaridae)

The freshwater Melanoides tuberculata (Thiarid) has wide distribution and have many variation in color, size, and scluptured of their shells. Comparing with another Thiarid so called Stenomelania punctata, shell of M. tuberculata similar in having turreted shape, blackish color, number of whorls, and size of the shells. This study aim to compare more detailed between M. tuberculata and S. punctata based on their morphology, ontogeny and type of reproduction. Ontogeny studies of these two species show that M. tuberculata produces juveniles in embryonic shell form during their reproduction. This embryonic shell is nourished and developed in the subhaemocoelic brood-pouch organ as evidenced by being found in the size range 0.12–5.95 mm. One individu M. tuberculata can produce 1–66 embryonic shells. Meanwhile, in subhaemocoelic brood-pouch of S. punctata only the unshell embryo was seen and embryonic shell was not found. The difference of reproduction system determines the reproductive strategy in both species. M. tuberculata conduct euviviparity reproduction whereas S. punctata is ovoviviparous that releases juveniles in free-swimming veliger form.

A new species of the genus Parioninella (Epicaridea, Bopyridae, Pseudioninae) from Australia

Two new records of the rare parasitic isopod genus Parioninella are described. Parioninella liuruiyui n. sp. represents the first record of the genus from Australia and the first bopyrid described from the porcelain crab Pachycheles pisoides (Heller, 1865). The female of the new species differs from other described species in lacking eyes, produced into pair of anterolateral flaps, the brood pouch completely covered by oostegites, while the male lacks pigmentation. Parioninella astridae Nierstrasz & Brender à Brandis, 1930 is recorded from Mindoro, Philippines, in Pachycheles sculptus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837). An identification key to the three Parioninella species is provided.

Biology of Hippocampus patagonicus (Syngnathidae) in Brazilian waters. A species threatened with extinction, with suggestions for the conservation of seahorses in Brazil

Specimens of Hippocampus patagonicus obtained in the bycatch of trawling in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ) were collected in 2012 (n = 199) and 2014 (n = 157), respectively. Mean height of females of reproductive age in RS was 8.89 ± 1.9 cm, with the fecundity of 366 ± 195.8 eggs per clutch, and for males of reproductive age, height was 8.79 ± 1.86 cm and weight 2.3 ± 1.67 g, with 404 ± 99 embryos at each gestation. In RJ, height was 9.69 ± 1.05 cm and weight 2.9 ± 0.9 g, with the fecundity of 277 ± 95.06 eggs per clutch, and for males, height was 10.06 ± 1.02 cm and weight 3.68 ± 1.18 g, with the fecundity of 156.38 ± 66 embryos at each gestation. The equations obtained from the weight (W) to height (H) ratio were: W = 0.002 H3.182, R2= 0.947 (RS males); W = 0.004 H2.914, R2= 0.949 (RS females); W = 0.0050 H2.838, R2= 0.793 (RJ males); W = 0.014 H2.355, R2= 0.733 (RJ females). RS females produced more eggs (P = 0.023), and males incubated more embryos (P = 0.000) than those of RJ. The mean height of brood pouch formation in males was 4.69 ± 0.48 cm, 95% CI [4.53; 4.86], while the mean height at first sexual maturity was 8.34 cm (95% CI [7.481; 9.046]). Alternative strategies need to be developed for the conservation of H. patagonicus in Brazil.

Questions on the taxonomic status of species of Protoholozoa Kott 1969 (Ascidiacea, Aplousobranchia, Holozoidae) with a description of a new genus

Among numerous ascidians, two colonies of the deep species Protoholozoa pedunculata Kott, 1969 were collected in 2017 by the French Poker 4 survey, Indian Ocean. The larvae of this species are described here for the first time. The present material shows the disposition of adhesive papillae in a line and incubation in the atrial cavity. That is different from what was first reported and from what is known in other species of the genus, which show triradiate adhesive papillae and incubation in a brood pouch. This new data leads us to discuss the taxonomic status of different species, leaving Protoholozoa Kott, 1969 for the previous ones and creating Scotiazoa gen. nov. for species with triradiate larval papillae and brood pouch.