Darkness induced neuroplastic changes in the serotoninergic system of the chick retina

2005 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Sebastián Fosser ◽  
Alicia Brusco ◽  
Hugo Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Serotoninergic System ◽  
Chick Retina

A Study of the Ultrastructure of Visual Cell Outer Segment Membranes, Using a Water-Miscible Embedding Medium and Differential Staining

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Godfrey
Keyword(s):  
Outer Segment ◽  
Protein Denaturation ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Visual Cell ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Chick Retina ◽  
Dark Staining ◽  
Embedding Medium ◽  
The Individual

Aldehyde-fixed chick retina was embedded in a water-containing resin of glutaraldehyde and urea, without dehydration. The loss of lipids and other soluble tissue components, which is severe in routine methods involving dehydration, was thereby minimized. Osmium tetroxide post-fixation was not used, lessening the amount of protein denaturation which occurred. Ultrathin sections were stained with 1, uranyl acetate and lead citrate, 2, silicotungstic acid, or 3, osmium vapor, prior to electron microscope examination of visual cell outer segment ultrastructure, at magnifications up to 800,000.Sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate (Fig. 1) showed that the individual disc membranes consisted of a central lipid core about 78Å thick in which dark-staining 40Å masses appeared to be embedded from either side.

7 Temporal and spatial expression of cNgn1 and cNgn2 in the developing chick retina.

2001 ◽  
Vol 199 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 219-219
Author(s):  
D. LeROUEDEC ◽  
M. CHEUNG ◽  
P. J. SCOTTING ◽  
P. M. WIGMORE
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Chick Retina ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

scholarly journals Peripheral Modulators of the Central Fatigue Development and Their Relationship with Athletic Performance in Jumper Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Francesca Arfuso ◽  
Claudia Giannetto ◽  
Elisabetta Giudice ◽  
Francesco Fazio ◽  
Michele Panzera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Central Fatigue ◽  
Serotoninergic System ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Passive Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Development

The current study aimed to investigate whether peripheral modulators of serotoninergic function and neurohumoral factors’ changes in athletic horses during an official jumping competition, and to evaluate their relationship with the physical performance of competing horses. From 7 Italian Saddle mares (6–9 years; mean body weight 440 ± 15 kg), performing the same standardized warm-up and jumping course during an official class, heart rate (HR) was monitored throughout the competition. Rectal temperature (RT) measurement, blood lactate and glucose concentration, serum tryptophan, leucine, valine, the tryptophan/branched-chain amino-acids ratio (Try/BCAAs), dopamine, prolactin, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were assessed before the exercise event (T0), at the end of the competition stage (5 min ± 10 s following the cessation of the exercise, TPOST5), and 30 min after the end of competition (TPOST30). Highest HR values were recorded during the course and at the outbound (p < 0.0001); blood lactate concentration and RT increased after exercise with respect to the rest condition (p < 0.0001). Lower leucine and valine levels (p < 0.01), and higher tryptophan, Try/BCAAs ratio, and NEFAs values were found at TPOST5 and TPOST30 with respect to T0 (p < 0.0001). A higher prolactin concentration was found at TPOST5 and TPOST30 compared to T0 (p < 0.0001), whereas dopamine showed decreased values after exercise compared to rest (p < 0.0001). Statistically significant correlations among the peripheral indices of serotoninergic function, neurohumoral factors, and athletic performance parameters were found throughout the monitoring period. The findings provide indirect evidence that the serotoninergic system may be involved in fatigue during jumper exercise under a stressful situation, such as competition, in which, in addition to physical effort, athletic horses exhibit more passive behavior.

scholarly journals Effects of caloric vestibular stimulation on serotoninergic system in the media vestibular nuclei of guinea pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-rong MA ◽  
Jun-xiu LIU ◽  
Xue-pei LI ◽  
Jian-jun MAO ◽  
Qun-dan ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Vestibular Nuclei ◽  
Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
Serotoninergic System ◽  
Caloric Vestibular Stimulation ◽  
The Media

EFFECTS OF SEROTONIN ON SPONTANEOUS OVULATION: A THEORY FOR THE DUAL HYPOTHALAMIC CONTROL OF OVULATION

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant P. Labhsetwar
Keyword(s):  
Serotoninergic System ◽  
Dual Control ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Catecholaminergic System ◽  
Peripheral Mechanism ◽  
Ovulation Inhibition ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Hypothalamic Control ◽  
Specific Antagonist

ABSTRACT In an attempt to study the inhibitory effects of serotonin on spontaneous ovulation, the monoamine was administered subcutaneously to rats with 4-day oestrous cycles. Administration (50 mg/kg) at 5.00 p. m. on the day before pro-oestrus interfered with ovulation without affecting vaginal cornification, uterine ballooning or mating. This effect on ovulation could be overcome with methysergide, a specific antagonist of serotonin. Administration, at appropriate times, of LH or oestradiol benzoate or the stimulus provided by mating prevented the inhibitory effects of serotonin. implicating a central rather than a peripheral mechanism in interference with ovulation. This was further confirmed by the persistence in the serotonin-treated animals of high levels of pituitary LH, comparable to pro-oestrous levels. It is probable that serotonin blocked ovulation by augmenting the inhibitory effects of serotoninergic fibres in the hypothalamus. It is postulated on the basis of the present results and those reported in the literature that the hypothalamus exercises a dual control over ovulation, inhibitory influences being transmitted through serotonin-linked neurones while stimulatory effects are delivered via catecholaminergic fibres to neurones which synthesize releasing factor(s) for the ovulating hormone. It is postulated that a certain degree of balance in favour of the catecholaminergic system is necessary for the occurrence of ovulation. Inhibition of ovulation occurs whenever the serotoninergic system gains dominance over catecholaminergic system. The theory can account for the effects on ovulation of a multitude of chemically diverse agents reported in the literature.

Differential expression of the mRNAs of the axonal glycoproteins axonin-1 and NgCAM in the developing chick retina

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Morino ◽  
Andrea Buchstaller ◽  
Roman Giger ◽  
Peter Sonderegger ◽  
Günter Rager
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Chick Retina

Peanut agglutinin binding glycoproteins in the chick retina: Their presence in Müller glia cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Arregui ◽  
H. S. Barra ◽  
C. A. Landa
Keyword(s):  
Muller Glia ◽  
Müller Glia ◽  
Peanut Agglutinin ◽  
Glia Cells ◽  
Chick Retina

The Differential Effects of GABA-Transaminase Inactivation in the Chick Retina and Brain

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert R. Rando ◽  
Jenifer Coburn ◽  
David Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Transaminase ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Chick Retina
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