scholarly journals Debris-flow monitoring and warning: Review and examples

2019 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 102981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Hürlimann ◽  
Velio Coviello ◽  
Coraline Bel ◽  
Xiaojun Guo ◽  
Matteo Berti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Flow Monitoring

scholarly journals Analysis of debris-flow recordings in an instrumented basin: confirmations and new findings

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Arattano ◽  
L. Marchi ◽  
M. Cavalli
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Irregular Pattern ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Seismic Recording ◽  
Seismic Networks

Abstract. On 24 August 2006, a debris flow took place in the Moscardo Torrent, a basin of the Eastern Italian Alps instrumented for debris-flow monitoring. The debris flow was recorded by two seismic networks located in the lower part of the basin and on the alluvial fan, respectively. The event was also recorded by a pair of ultrasonic sensors installed on the fan, close to the lower seismic network. The comparison between the different recordings outlines particular features of the August 2006 debris flow, different from that of events recorded in previous years. A typical debris-flow wave was observed at the upper seismic network, with a main front abruptly appearing in the torrent, followed by a gradual decrease of flow height. On the contrary, on the alluvial fan the wave displayed an irregular pattern, with low flow depth and the main peak occurring in the central part of the surge both in the seismic recording and in the hydrographs. Recorded data and field evidences indicate that the surge observed on the alluvial fan was not a debris flow, and probably consisted in a water surge laden with fine to medium-sized sediment. The change in shape and characteristics of the wave can be ascribed to the attenuation of the surge caused by the torrent control works implemented in the lower basin during the last years.

Debris flow monitoring in the French Alps

2014 ◽  
pp. 1589-1595
Author(s):  
C Bel ◽  
F Liébault ◽  
H Bellot ◽  
F Fontaine ◽  
D Laigle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
French Alps ◽  
Flow Monitoring

Results and experiences gathered at the Rebaixader debris-flow monitoring site, Central Pyrenees, Spain

Landslides ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 939-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hürlimann ◽  
C. Abancó ◽  
J. Moya ◽  
I. Vilajosana
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Central Pyrenees

Outlining a stepwise, multi-parameter debris flow monitoring and warning system: an example of application in Aizi Valley, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningsheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Vibration Sensors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Rainfall

<p>Abstract: In recent years, the increasing frequency of debris flow demands enhanced effectiveness and efficiency are essential not only from an economic point of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. Currently, the key issues are the imbalance between the limited lifespan of equipment, the relatively long period between the recurrences of such hazards, and the wide range of critical rainfall that trigger these disasters. This paper attempt to provide a stepwise multi-parameter debris flow warning system after taking into account the shortcomings observed in other warning systems. The whole system is divided into five stages. Different warning levels can be issued based on the critical rainfall thresholds. Monitoring starts when early warning is issued and it continues with debris flow near warning, movement warning and hazard warning stages. For early warning, historical archives of earthquake and drought are used to choose a debris flow susceptible site for further monitoring, Secondly, weather forecasts provide an alert of possible near warning. Hazardous precipitation, model calculation and debris flow initiation tests, pore pressure sensors and water content sensors are combined to check the critical rainfall and to publically announce a triggering warning. In the final two stages, equipment such as rainfall gauges, flow stage sensors, vibration sensors, low sound sensors and infrasound meters are used to assess movement processes and issue hazard warnings. In addition to these warnings, community-based knowledge and information is also obtained and discussed in detail. The proposed stepwise, multi-parameter debris flow monitoring and warning system has been applied in Aizi valley China which continuously monitors the debris flow activities.</p>

scholarly journals Debris-Flow Monitoring for the Set-Up of a Warning and Alarm System -Experiences from the Pyrenees-

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel HÜRLIMANN ◽  
Clàudia ABANCÓ ◽  
Jose MOYA ◽  
Marc BERENGUER ◽  
Ignasi VILAJOSANA
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Set Up

Multiple debris flow surges monitored directly by DFLP system at Kamikamihori Creek

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Itoh ◽  
Takahiko Nagayama ◽  
Satoru Matsuda ◽  
Takahisa Mizuyama
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Sediment Particles

<p>The monitoring method for direct debris flow measurements using loadcells and so on, that were preliminary developed by WSL in Switzerland (McArdell et al., 2007), was firstly installed in Sakura-jima Island in Japan, where volcanic activity was severe, and many debris flows took place due to deposition of falling ash after eruptions. Debris Flow measurements with Loadcells and Pressure sensors (DFLP) system was installed referring to the method by WSL, and debris flow characteristics such as specific weight and volumetric sediment concentration have been obtained (e.g., Osaka et al., 2014).</p><p> In Japan, as well as in Sakura-jima island, attempts for debris flow monitoring were also carried out at KamiKamihori Creek since 1970s (e.g., Okuda et al., 1980), and there were a lot of debris flow events due to heavy rainfall. KamiKamihori Creek is at western side of Mt. Yake, where volcanic activity was severe at those time. The DFLP system was modified and installed there in November in 2014, because there were a lot of sediment deposition and debris flows took place though volcanic activity has been inactive. Present research could report the following results.  </p><p>(1) Multiple debris floe over five surges were monitored using DFLP system installed in 2014 during 15 minutes in debris flow events on August 29th, 2019. Rainfall intensity for 10 minutes was 12 mm and accumulated depth was 56 mm just before those events. Antecedent time before those events was 4.5 hours.</p><p>(2) The DFLP system measured multiple debris flow surges in events on August 29th, 2019, and sediment concentration was calculated temporary and continuously. Time-averaged sediment concentration and relative mass density are calculated as 0.470 and 1.73, respectively, under flow discharge obtained by images analysis of CCTV video camera. Equilibrium sediment concentration of coarse sediment particles is estimated 0.160 for bed slope of 0.141 (8 degrees) and calculated value using the DFLP system is over than the equilibrium value because of mud phase due to fine sediment particles.</p><p> </p><p>References</p><p>McArdell B.W., Bartelt P., Kowalski J. (2007). Field observations of basal forces and fluid pore pressure in a debris flow, Geophysical Research Letters, Vo. 34, L07406.</p><p>Okuda, S., Suwa, H., Okunishi, K., Yokoyama, K., and Nakano, M. (1980). Observation of the motion of debris flow and its geomorphological effects, Zeitschrift fur Geomorphology, Suppl.-Bd.35, pp. 142–163.</p><p>Osaka T., Utsunomiya R., Tagata S., Itoh T., Mizuyama T. (2014). Debris Flow Monitoring using Load Cells in Sakurajima Island, Proceedings of the Interpraevent 2014 in the Pacific Rim (edited by Fujita, M. et al.), Nov. 25-28, Nara, Japan, 2014, O-14.pdf in DVD.</p>

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