scholarly journals Photosynthetic gas-exchange and PSII photochemical acclimation to drought in a native and non-native xerophytic species (Artemisia ordosica and Salix psammophila)

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Juan Wu ◽  
Cai Ren ◽  
Yun Tian ◽  
Tian Shan Zha ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Artemisia Ordosica ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange

scholarly journals Fossil evidence for low gas exchange capacities for Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves

Paleobiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor S. Feild ◽  
Garland R. Upchurch ◽  
David S. Chatelet ◽  
Timothy J. Brodribb ◽  
Kunsiri C. Grubbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Basal Angiosperm ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Angiosperm Evolution ◽  
Early Angiosperm ◽  
Fossil Evidence ◽  
Functional Analyses

The photosynthetic gas exchange capacities of early angiosperms remain enigmatic. Nevertheless, many hypotheses about the causes of early angiosperm success and how angiosperms influenced Mesozoic ecosystem function hinge on understanding the maximum capacity for early angiosperm metabolism. We applied structure-functional analyses of leaf veins and stomatal pore geometry to determine the hydraulic and diffusive gas exchange capacities of Early Cretaceous fossil leaves. All of the late Aptian—early Albian angiosperms measured possessed low vein density and low maximal stomatal pore area, indicating low leaf gas exchange capacities in comparison to modern ecologically dominant angiosperms. Gas exchange capacities for Early Cretaceous angiosperms were equivalent or lower than ferns and gymnosperms. Fossil leaf taxa from Aptian to Paleocene sediments previously identified as putative stem-lineages to Austrobaileyales and Chloranthales had the same gas exchange capacities and possibly leaf water relations of their living relatives. Our results provide fossil evidence for the hypothesis that high leaf gas exchange capacity is a derived feature of later angiosperm evolution. In addition, the leaf gas exchange functions of austrobaileyoid and chloranthoid fossils support the hypothesis that comparative research on the biology of living basal angiosperm lineages reveals genuine signals of Early Cretaceous angiosperm ecophysiology.

Types of photosynthetic gas exchange of leaves of beet and maize in relation to the CO2 regimes in their crop stands

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 399-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Nichiporovich ◽  
S.N. Chmora ◽  
G.A. Slobodskaya ◽  
T.A. Avdeyeva
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange

scholarly journals Alterations in Gas Exchange and Oxidative Metabolism in Rice Leaves Infected by Pyricularia oryzae are Attenuated by Silicon

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Pereira Domiciano ◽  
Isaías Severino Cacique ◽  
Cecília Chagas Freitas ◽  
Marta Cristina Corsi Filippi ◽  
Fábio Murilo DaMatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Exchange Performance ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Maximum Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is the most important disease in rice worldwide. This study investigated the effects of silicon (Si) on the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters (net CO2 assimilation rate [A], stomatal conductance to water vapor [gs], internal-to-ambient CO2 concentration ratio [Ci/Ca], and transpiration rate [E]); chlorophyll fluorescence a (Chla) parameters (maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II [Fv/Fm], photochemical [qP] and nonphotochemical [NPQ] quenching coefficients, and electron transport rate [ETR]); concentrations of pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and lypoxigenase (LOX) in rice leaves. Rice plants were grown in a nutrient solution containing 0 or 2 mM Si (−Si or +Si, respectively) with and without P. oryzae inoculation. Blast severity decreased with higher foliar Si concentration. The values of A, gs and E were generally higher for the +Si plants in comparison with the −Si plants upon P. oryzae infection. The Fv/Fm, qp, NPQ, and ETR were greater for the +Si plants relative to the −Si plants at 108 and 132 h after inoculation (hai). The values for qp and ETR were significantly higher for the –Si plants in comparison with the +Si plants at 36 hai, and the NPQ was significantly higher for the –Si plants in comparison with the +Si plants at 0 and 36 hai. The concentrations of Chla, Chlb, Chla+b, and carotenoids were significantly greater in the +Si plants relative to the –Si plants. For the –Si plants, the MDA and H2O2 concentrations were significantly higher than those in the +Si plants. The LOX activity was significantly higher in the +Si plants than in the –Si plants. The SOD and GR activities were significantly higher for the –Si plants than in the +Si plants. The CAT and APX activities were significantly higher in the +Si plants than in the –Si plants. The supply of Si contributed to a decrease in blast severity, improved the gas exchange performance, and caused less dysfunction at the photochemical level.

scholarly journals Effects of shading on the growth, development and yield of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murthazar Naim Raai ◽  
Nurul Amalina Mohd Zain ◽  
Normaniza Osman ◽  
Nur Ardiyana Rejab ◽  
Nurul Amylia Sahruzaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Winged Bean ◽  
Psophocarpus Tetragonolobus ◽  
Photosynthetic Gas Exchange ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Protein Rich

ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different shading regimes [i.e., 60% (heavy), 30% (moderate), and 0% (control)] on 25 traits associated with the morphological features, photosynthetic gas exchange and agronomic characteristics of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus), an underutilized protein-rich legume from the tropics. Collectively, 80% of the studied variables displayed significant differences (P<0.05) between at least two shade treatments. Shading generally showed most pronounced effect on the physiological traits of the legume, whereby the stomatal conductance, photosynthetic and transpiration rate differed significantly among plants for all treatments. The non-shaded plants were observed to have superior growth and physiological responses than the shaded plants. Interestingly, the moderately shaded plants exhibited the highest yield per plant, which significantly differed from the non-shaded and heavily shaded plants. This indicated that winged bean can adapt to partial canopy cover, making it a potential nitrogen-fixing cash crop which can be planted together with fruit or oil trees in commercial plantations.

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