System for Fake Currency Detection Using Image Processing

Counterfeit money has always existed an issue that has caused many problems in the market. Technological growth development has made it possible to create extra counterfeit items which are distributed in the mitigation market the global economy. Bangui existing banking equipment and so on trading sites to check the authenticity of funds. But the average person does not do that have access to such systems and that is why they are needed in order for the software to receive counterfeit money, which can be used by ordinary people. This the proposed system uses image processing to find out if the money is real or fake. System built uses the Python system completely language. It contains similar steps grayscale modification, edge detection, separation, etc. made using appropriate methods. Keyword: Counterfeit currency, Image Processing, Python programming language, grayscale conversion, edge detection, segmentation.

Effect of adenotonsillectomy on the growth, development, and comprehensive cognitive abilities of children with obstructive sleep apnea: a prospective single-arm study

Background Previous studies did not comprehensively examine the effect of adenotonsillectomy on growth and development, emotional state, quality of life, attention ability, and cognitive dysfunction in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study aimed to explore the improvement effects of adenotonsillectomy on the growth, development, quality of life, and attention ability in children with OSA. Methods This prospective single-arm study involved children with OSA admitted at The No. 980 Hospital, Joint Logistics Support Force, PLA, China (02/2017–02/2018). The Myklebust Pupil Rating Scale (PRS), Inventory of Subjective Life Quality (ISLQ), Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ), and Continuous Performance Task (CPT) were examined before and at 6 months after adenotonsillectomy. Results Forty-nine patients were enrolled. They all completed the 6-month follow-up. The body mass index increased after surgery (from 18.8 ± 4.9 to 19.3 ± 4.3 kg/m2, P = 0.008). The total PRS score increased 6 months after surgery (from 73.8 ± 12.7 to 84.6 ± 10.3, P < 0.001). All aspects of the ISLQ, except anxiety experience and physical emotion, were improved at 6 months after adenotonsillectomy (all P < 0.01). The SAS score also decreased from 20.1 ± 10.0 to 12.8 ± 6.6 (P < 0.001). All six dimensions of the PSQ, as assessed by the legal guardians, decreased after adenotonsillectomy (all P < 0.01). The proportions of children with auditory and/or visual sustained attention abnormalities decreased after surgery. Conclusions After adenotonsillectomy, the PRS, ISLQ, and PSQ improved, and anxiety and auditory/visual sustained attention abnormalities decreased, suggesting positive impacts on the growth, development, quality of life, and comprehensive cognitive abilities of children with OSA.

Transcriptomic analysis reveals a role for the nervous system in regulating growth and development of Fasciola hepatica juveniles

Fasciola spp. liver fluke have significant impacts in veterinary and human medicine. The absence of a vaccine and increasing anthelmintic resistance threaten sustainable control and underscore the need for novel flukicides. Functional genomic approaches underpinned by in vitro culture of juvenile Fasciola hepatica facilitate control target validation in the most pathogenic life stage. Comparative transcriptomics of in vitro and in vivo maintained 21 day old F. hepatica finds that 86% of genes are expressed at similar levels across maintenance treatments suggesting commonality in core biological functioning within these juveniles. Phenotypic comparisons revealed higher cell proliferation and growth rates in the in vivo juveniles compared to their in vitro counterparts. These phenotypic differences were consistent with the upregulation of neoblast-like stem cell and cell-cycle associated genes in in vivo maintained worms. The more rapid growth/development of in vivo juveniles was further evidenced by a switch in cathepsin protease expression profiles, dominated by cathepsin B in in vitro juveniles and then by cathepsin L in in vivo juveniles. Coincident with more rapid growth/development was the marked downregulation of both classical and peptidergic neuronal signalling components in in vivo maintained juveniles, supporting a role for the nervous system in regulating liver fluke growth and development. Differences in the miRNA complements of in vivo and in vitro juveniles identified 31 differentially expressed miRNAs, notably fhe-let-7a-5p , fhe-mir-124-3p and, miRNAs predicted to target Wnt-signalling, supporting a key role for miRNAs in driving the growth/developmental differences in the in vitro and in vivo maintained juvenile liver fluke. Widespread differences in the expression of neuronal genes in juvenile fluke grown in vitro and in vivo expose significant interplay between neuronal signalling and the rate of growth/development, encouraging consideration of neuronal targets in efforts to dysregulate growth/development for parasite control.

Study on the Role of Phytohormones in Resistance to Watermelon Fusarium Wilt

Fusarium wilt disease is one of the major diseases causing a decline in watermelon yield and quality. Researches have informed that phytohormones play essential roles in regulating plants growth, development, and stress defendants. However, the molecular mechanism of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA) in resistance to watermelon Fusarium wilt remains unknown. In this experiment, we established the SA, JA, and ABA determination system in watermelon roots, and analyzed their roles in against watermelon Fusarium wilt compared to the resistant and susceptible varieties using transcriptome sequencing and RT-qPCR. Our results revealed that the up-regulated expression of Cla97C09G174770, Cla97C05G089520, Cla97C05G081210, Cla97C04G071000, and Cla97C10G198890 genes in resistant variety were key factors against (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum) FON infection at 7 dpi. Additionally, there might be crosstalk between SA, JA, and ABA, caused by those differentially expressed (non-pathogen-related) NPRs, (Jasmonate-resistant) JAR, and (Pyrabactin resistance 1-like) PYLs genes, to trigger the plant immune system against FON infection. Overall, our results provide a theoretical basis for watermelon resistance breeding, in which phytohormones participate.

Nitrogen in plants: from nutrition to the modulation of abiotic stress adaptation

Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrient for plant growth and development; it is strongly associated with a variety of abiotic stress responses. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved to develop efficient strategies to manage N to support growth when exposed to a diverse range of stressors. This review summarizes the recent progress in the field of plant nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) uptake, which are the two major forms of N that are absorbed by plants. We explore the intricate relationship between NO3-/NH4+ and abiotic stress responses in plants, focusing on stresses from nutrient deficiencies, unfavorable pH, ions, and drought. Although many molecular details remain unclear, research has revealed a number of core signaling regulators that are associated with N-mediated abiotic stress responses. An in-depth understanding and exploration of the molecular processes that underpin the interactions between N and abiotic stresses is useful in the design of effective strategies to improve crop growth, development, and productivity.

Diversity of Epiphytic Bacterial Communities on Male and Female Porphyra Haitanensis

PurposeEpiphytic bacteria play an important role in macroalgae growth, development, and morphogenesis. However, epiphytic bacterial communities on male and female macroalgae have not been reported. Porphyra haitanensis is one of the main economic macroalgae.In order to explore the similarities and differences of epiphytic bacterial community structure between male and female macroalgae of Porphyra haitanensis.MethodsWe investigated the composition, diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities between male and female Porphyra haitanensis by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing.ResultsThe divergences of bacterial community compositions occurred between males and females. Both males and females had their unique bacterial microbiota, such as, Armatimonadetes and Rokubacteria are the unique phyla of male Porphyra haitanensis, Chlamydiae is a unique phylum of female Porphyra haitanensis. The epiphytic bacteria on both male and female Porphyra haitanensis have the similar predictive functions, but they also have their own specific functions, respectively.The specific functions of epiphytic bacteria on female Porphyra haitanensis were sulfite_respiration, nitrogen_fixation, nitrate_ammonification, chlorate_reducers and anoxygenic_photoautotrophy_S_oxidizing. ConclusionsThis study provides a basis for exploring the mechanism of epiphytic bacterial communities on dioecious algae and are of great significance for further understanding the relationships between epiphytic microbial communities and the sex of algae.

Biological parameters and host preference of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) on different Pleurotus ostreatus cultivars

Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae) is a destructive pest of edible fungi. Different species of edible fungi have variable effects on the growth, development and fecundity of T. putrescentiae, but it is unclear whether these effects exist in the same species. We used nine cultivars of the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) to evaluate the development and reproduction parameters of T. putrescentiae at 26 ± 1°C and 80 ± 5% humidity. Different P. ostreatus cultivars had significant effects on the immature stages, female fertility, and reproductive lifespan. Total egg-to-adult development time ranged from 10.0 ± 1.2 d (on Po389 cultivar) to 12.5 ± 1.0 d (on Po62 cultivar). Mite mortality ranged from 54.3 ± 4.2% (on Po86 cultivar) to 100.0 ± 0.0% (on Po62 cultivar). The number of eggs laid per female ranged from 3.2 ± 0.4 (on Po45 cultivar) to 9.1 ± 1.1 (on Po86 cultivar). The average lifespan of females ranged from 3.0 ± 0.5 d (on Po45 cultivar) to 16.3 ± 1.7 d (on Po86 cultivar). Host preference of the mite was significantly different among the nine cultivars with a preference for cultivars Po65, Po80, Po389, and Po86. These results indicate that P. ostreatus cultivars significantly affect the biology of T. putrescentiae and the relationship between mite damage and mushroom yield.

Genome-wide sequence identification and expression analysis of N6-methyladenosine demethylase in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under salt stress

In eukaryotes, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant and highly conserved RNA modification. In vivo, m6A demethylase dynamically regulates the m6A level by removing the m6A marker where it plays an important role in plant growth, development and response to abiotic stress. The confirmed m6A demethylases in Arabidopsis thaliana include ALKBH9B and ALKBH10B, both belonging to the ALKB family. In this study, BvALKB family members were identified in sugar beet genome-wide database, and their conserved domains, gene structures, chromosomal locations, phylogeny, conserved motifs and expression of BvALKB genes were analyzed. Almost all BvALKB proteins contained the conserved domain of 2OG-Fe II-Oxy. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the ten proteins were clustered into five groups, each of which had similar motifs and gene structures. Three Arabidopsis m6A demethylase-homologous proteins (BvALKBH6B, BvALKBH8B and BvALKBH10B) were of particular interest in our study. Expression profile analysis showed that almost all genes were up-regulated or down-regulated to varying degrees under salt stress. More specifically, BvALKBH10B homologous to AtALKBH10B was significantly up-regulated, suggesting that the transcriptional activity of this gene is responsive to salt stress. This study provides a theoretical basis for further screening of m6A demethylase in sugar beet, and also lays a foundation for studying the role of ALKB family proteins in growth, development and response to salinity stress.