Reply to letter to the editor entitled ‘Low sensitivity of the new FIGO classification system for electronic fetal monitoring to identify fetal acidosis in the second stage of labor?’

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Frida Ekengård ◽  
Monika Cardell ◽  
Andreas Herbst
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Electronic Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Fetal Acidosis ◽  
Figo Classification

scholarly journals Pregnancy and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushruti Kaushal ◽  
Harpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Regional Anaesthesia ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Delivery Services

Pregnancy is a physiological state that alters the body’s response to infections. COVID-19 has been found to cause severe disease in pregnancy with morbidity and mortality that is higher than in non-pregnant adults. There is risk of transmission of SARS-CoV2 infection to fetus during ante-natal period, intra-partum and post-delivery from an infected mother. It is necessary to provide an un-interrupted ante-natal care and delivery services to pregnant women during the pandemic. Tele-consultation is important modality to reduce the physical exposure of pregnant women to the hospital environment and should be utilised. Screening, isolation, testing and treatment for SARS-CoV2 infection in pregnant women should follow the local guidelines and remain essentially the same as in non-pregnant adults. Admission, if required, should be in a facility that can provide obstetric maternal and fetal monitoring in addition to care for COVID-19 illness. Use of nitrous oxide and inhalational oxygen for fetal indication should be avoided during labor. Second stage of labor is considered an aerosol generating procedure and should be managed with adequate precautions. Mode of delivery should be as per obstetric indications. Regional anaesthesia should be preferred during caesarean. COVID-19 is not a contra-indication to breast feeding. For antenatal women, COVID-19 vaccination can be considered after shared decision making.

ROLE OF FETAL MONITORING IN THE SECOND STAGE OF LABOR

2011 ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Van Phap Dang ◽  
Quang Vinh Truong ◽  
Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen ◽  
Cam An Bach ◽  
Dinh Hung Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Fetal Heart Rate ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage

Objectives: (1) to investigate the progression of the second stage of labor, (2) to evaluation of outcome of labor base on the form of the fetal monitoring. Materials and methods: Crosse sectional describe of 379 pregnant women with vertex presentation, singleton pregnancy, at term, normal pelvis, and the fetal weight was estimated to be medium according to Vietnamese size, applying the distribution in fetal heart form according to Melchior and the distribution in stage of labor according to PEOPLE. Study period: from June 2009 to December 2009. Results: The average of the age was 27.2 ± 12 years. Gestation age (weeks) was 39.1 ± 1.2. Nulliparous women was 55.67% (211 women), and multiparous women was 44.3% (168 women). 58.4% of those whose fetus was at 0 position according to Delle’s distribution. The position of the fetus was left occiput anterior which was majority, 68%. The total duration of second stage was 88 ± 25 minutes. Fetal heart rate: Type 1 was 33.7%, type 2 was 45.5%. In the type 1, when the active phase stretch to 90 minutes, the fetus was well response. In the type 2, the second stage cannot stretch as long as these, if it lasts longer then 60minutes, not even 83.37% but just also 28.5% was at good condition, should stopped labor immediately. The mean Apgar score will < 7 at 1st minutes, 40 % and 50% in type 3 and 4 respectively. Conclusions: Left occiput anterior was 68%. Total duration of the second stage of labor was 88 ± 25 minutes. Type 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 of fetal heart rate were 3.3%; 33.7%; 45.5%; 12.1% and 7.4% respectively. Apgar score < 7 at 1st minutes with type 0, 3 and 4 after 30 minutes for the forceful, and with type 1 after 90 minutes for that.

Nonreassuring Fetal Status in the Second Stage of Labor: Fetal Monitoring Features and Association with Neonatal Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (07) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Colvin ◽  
George Macones ◽  
Alison Cahill ◽  
Jourdan Triebwasser
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE CATEGORY II CARDIOTOCOGRAPHY AND ITS CORRELATION WITH UMBILICAL CORD PH

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1086-1091
Author(s):  
Sonal Behra ◽  
◽  
Namita Agarwal ◽  
Mridu Sinha ◽  
J.K Goel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Electronic Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Paper Record ◽  
Fetal Acidosis

Introduction: The purpose of intra-partum fetal monitoring is to identify early signs of developing hypoxia. Electronic fetal monitoring is performed using cardiotocograph, which is a paper record of the fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns plotted simultaneously in relation to uterine activity. In low resource settings umbilical cord artery blood gas analysis can provide important information about the fetuses exposed to intrapartum hypoxaemic events and can distinguish the infant at high risk for asphyxia and related sequelae. The aim of this study was to correlate intrapartum CTG findings with umbilical cord blood pH at birth in term pregnancies in labour and thus evaluate the success of CTG in predicting fetala cidosis during labour. Methods:The present study included 100 women with term singleton pregnancies in labour and with Category II according to NICHD 2008 Classification (Adapted by ACOG 2013). Umbilical cord arterial blood was taken immediately after birth, in a pre-heparinised syringe and sent to the laboratory for pH study to detect acidosis. Cord blood pH <7.2 was taken as acidosis and cord blood pH ≥7.2 was taken as normal Results: Among 100 patients, 78 had normal cord pH and 22 had abnormal cord pH(<7.20). On intrapartum CTG, maximum patients in our study group had variable decelerations,followed by decreased variability(<5bpm) and absent induced acceleration on fetal stimulation. Late decelerations and fetal bradycardia were observed to have most significant correlation with fetal acidosis. Conclusions: From the analysis of this study, it can be concluded that an abnormal CTG should be managed appropriately, without delay, in order to prevent acidosis in the neonate. The obstetrician should be more vigilant in cases of Cat II CTG tracings with bradycardia and late decelerations and monitor such labours closely.

Second stage of labor in the age of epidural anesthesia

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 171A-171A
Author(s):  
E XENAKIS ◽  
J PIPER ◽  
M MCFARLAND ◽  
C SUITER ◽  
O LANGER
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Second Stage Of Labor ◽  
Second Stage
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