Insights into the roles of carrier microstructure in adhesive/carrier-based dry powder inhalation mixtures: Carrier porosity and fine particle content

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 291-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed O. Shalash ◽  
Abdulla M. Molokhia ◽  
Mustafa M.A. Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particle ◽  
Dry Powder Inhalation ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Particle Content

Optimization of the Fine Particle Fraction of a Lyophilized Lysozyme Formulation for Dry Powder Inhalation

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1698-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Claus ◽  
Claudius Weiler ◽  
Joerg Schiewe ◽  
Wolfgang Friess
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particle ◽  
Fine Particle Fraction ◽  
Particle Fraction ◽  
Dry Powder Inhalation ◽  
Dry Powder

scholarly journals Automated Filling Equipment Allows Increase in the Maximum Dose to Be Filled in the Cyclops® High Dose Dry Powder Inhalation Device While Maintaining Dispersibility

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Imco Sibum ◽  
Paul Hagedoorn ◽  
Carel O. Botterman ◽  
Henderik W. Frijlink ◽  
Floris Grasmeijer
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particle ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dry Powder Inhalation ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Fine Particle Dose ◽  
Nominal Dose ◽  
Particle Dose

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the pulmonary delivery of high dose dry powder drugs, such as antibiotics. Drugs in this class need to be dosed in doses far over 2.5 mg, and the use of excipients should therefore be minimized. To our knowledge, the effect of the automatic filling of high dose drug formulations on the maximum dose that can be filled in powder inhalers, and on the dispersion behavior of the powder, have not been described so far. In this study, we aimed to investigate these effects after filling with an Omnidose, a vacuum drum filler. Furthermore, the precision and accuracy of the filling process were investigated. Two formulations were used—an isoniazid formulation we reported previously and an amikacin formulation. Both formulations could be precisely and accurately dosed in a vacuum pressure range of 200 to 600 mbar. No change in dispersion was seen after automatic filling. Retention was decreased, with an optimum vacuum pressure range found from 400 to 600 mbar. The nominal dose for amikacin was 57 mg, which resulted in a fine particle dose of 47.26 ± 1.72 mg. The nominal dose for isoniazid could be increased to 150 mg, resulting in a fine particle dose of 107.35 ± 13.52 mg. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the upscaling of high dose dry powder inhalation products.

scholarly journals Systemic Delivery of hGhrelin Derivative by Lyophilizate for Dry Powder Inhalation System in Monkeys

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Kahori Miyamoto ◽  
Yuko Ishibashi ◽  
Tomomi Akita ◽  
Chikamasa Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particle ◽  
Absolute Bioavailability ◽  
Fine Particle Fraction ◽  
Particle Fraction ◽  
Systemic Delivery ◽  
Dry Powder Inhalation ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Optimum Formulation ◽  
Hunger Sensation ◽  
Octanoyl Group

Ghrelin is the peptide that increases the hunger sensation and food intake and is expected to be clinically applied for treatment of diseases such as cachexia and anorexia nervosa. In the clinical application of ghrelin, injections are problematic in that they are invasive and inconvenient. Thus, we aimed to develop a formulation that can eliminate the need for injections and can be applied clinically. We prepared formulations of an hGhrelin derivative, in which the octanoyl group essential for expression of activity is modified to avoid rapid des-acylation, using lyophilizate for a dry powder inhalation (LDPI) system. The formulation of hGhrelin derivative was optimized by the addition of phenylalanine, of which the fine particle fraction of 5 µm or less was 41.7 ± 3.8%. We also performed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic tests in monkeys using the optimum formulation that can be applied clinically. The absolute bioavailability of inhaled hGhrelin derivative with respect to that intravenously injected was 16.9 ± 2.6%. An increase in growth hormone was shown as an effect of the inhaled hGhrelin derivative similar to intravenous injection. The LDPI formulation can deliver the hGhrelin derivative systemically, and it is expected to be applied clinically as a substitute for injections.

The effect of the inhalation flow on the performance of a dry powder inhalation system

1992 ◽  
Vol 81 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Zanen ◽  
P.I. van Spiegel ◽  
H. van der Kolk ◽  
E. Tushuizen ◽  
R. Enthoven
Keyword(s):  
Dry Powder Inhalation ◽  
Dry Powder

Experimental Study on the Piping Erosion Mechanism of Gap-Graded Soils Under a Supercritical Hydraulic Gradient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Yu Wan ◽  
Jian-Jian He ◽  
Chun-Mu Luo ◽  
Shu-fa Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Steady Flow ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Hydraulic Gradient ◽  
Particle Content ◽  
Piping Erosion

Abstract Seepage-induced piping erosion is observed in many geotechnical structures. This paper studies the piping mechanism of gap-graded soils during the whole piping erosion failure process under a supercritical hydraulic gradient. We define the supercritical ratio Ri and study the change in the parameters such as the flow velocity, hydraulic conductivity, and fine particle loss with Ri. Under steady flow, a formula for determining the flow velocity state of the sample with Ri according to the fine particle content and relative density of the sample was proposed; during the piping failure process, the influence of Rimax on the rate at which the flow velocity and hydraulic conductivity of the sample increase as Ri decreases was greater than that of the initial relative density and the initial fine particle content of the sample. Under unsteady flow, a larger initial relative density corresponds to a smaller amplitude of increase in the average value of the peak flow velocity with increasing Ri. Compared with the test under steady flow, the flow velocity under unsteady flow would experience abrupt changes. The relative position of the trend line L of the flow velocity varying with Ri under unsteady flow and the fixed peak water head height point A under steady flow were related to the relative density of the sample.

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