Background Whether anemia and mineral bone abnormalities (chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorder [CKD-MBD]) are associated still remains to be elucidated. Both anemia and CKD-MBD have been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome and poor quality of life. However, recent evidence suggests that use of large doses of erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) to correct hemoglobin (Hb) may be detrimental in CKD. The Optimal Anemia Treatment in End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (Optimal ESRD Treatment) study will assess whether lowering of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is associated with a reduction in ESA consumption. Methods The Optimal ESRD Treatment study is a pilot single-center open-label study with blinded end point (a prospective randomized open blinded end-point [PROBE] design) enrolling 50 patients on maintenance dialysis. Eligible patients with intact PTH (iPTH) 300–540 pg/mL and Hb 10–11.5 g/dL will be randomized 1:1 to strict PTH control (150–300 pg/mL) versus standard care (PTH range 300–540 pg/mL). Available drugs for CKD-MBD and anemia treatment will be managed by the attending physician to maintain the desired levels of PTH (according to study arm allocation) and Hb (10–11.5 g/dL). Echocardiographic data for cardiac structure and function as well as arterial stiffness will be assessed at study inception and completion. Conclusions The Optimal ESRD Treatment study should shed light on the complicated interplay of anemia and CKD-MBD and on the feasibility of clinical trials in this domain. The study results are expected in the spring of 2017.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Subcutaneous Pasireotide and Intramuscular Pasireotide Long-acting Release in Chinese Male Healthy Volunteers: A Phase I, Single-center, Open-label, Randomized Study
