Monthly domestic hot water profiles for energy calculation in Finnish apartment buildings

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiser Ahmed ◽  
Petri Pylsy ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Apartment Buildings

scholarly journals Energy flexibility potential of domestic hot water systems in apartment buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 11005
Author(s):  
Åse Lekang Sørensen ◽  
Harald Taxt Walnum ◽  
Igor Sartori ◽  
Inger Andresen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Spot Price ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Control Options ◽  
Tariff Structure ◽  
The Cost

Domestic Hot Water (DHW) storage tanks are identified as a main source of flexible energy use in buildings. As a basis for energy management in apartment buildings, this paper describes the aggregated DHW use in a case building, and analyses the potential for DHW energy flexibility by simulating different control options. The case study for the work is an apartment building in Oslo with 56 apartments and a shared DHW system. Energy measurements are available for consumed hot water, hot water circulation, and energy supplied to the DHW tanks. The measurements are presented with minute, hourly and daily values. Aggregated daily energy use for the consumed hot water is in average 362 kWh, while the energy supplied is 555 kWh. The potential for energy flexibility is analysed for a base case and for four different rule-based control options: Power limitation, Spot price savings, Flexibility sale and Solar energy. Economic consequences of the control options are compared. With the Norwegian tariff structure, maximum hourly power use has the main impact on the cost. Control systems that aim to reduce the maximum power use may be combined with spot price savings or to offer end-user flexibility services to the grid.

scholarly journals Monthly model of hot water consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00007
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Holiday Period ◽  
Housing Structure

The article presents a statistical analysis of the monthly consumption of hot water in apartment buildings. On this basis, a monthly model of hot water consumption in multi-family buildings was proposed. This model consists of two sub models: model of average daily consumption of domestic hot water and a model describing changes in consumption of hot water in individual months of the year. To construct the model of average daily consumption of hot water, data on the consumption of hot water was used out of 16 multi-family buildings from the period of two years. The data was supplemented with information on the housing structure in the building. The study of changes in hot water consumption in the following months was based on data obtained from 30 buildings. Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the monthly consumption of hot water, the outside temperature and holiday period.

scholarly journals Heat Loss Due to Domestic Hot Water Pipes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6446
Author(s):  
Anti Hamburg ◽  
Alo Mikola ◽  
Tuule-Mall Parts ◽  
Targo Kalamees
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Pipe Insulation

Domestic hot water (DHW) system energy losses are an important part of energy consumption in newly built or in reconstructed apartment buildings. To reach nZEB or low energy building targets (renovation cases) we should take these losses into account during the design phase. These losses depend on room and water temperature, insulation and length of pipes and water circulation strategy. The target of our study is to develop a method which can be used in the early stages of design in primary energy calculations. We are also interested in how much of these losses cannot be utilised as internal heat gain and how much heat loss depends on the level of energy performance of the building. We used detailed DHW system heat loss measurements and simulations from an nZEB apartment building and annual heat loss data from a total of 22 apartment buildings. Our study showed that EN 15316-3 standard equations for pipe length give more than a twice the pipe length in basements. We recommend that for pipe length calculation in basements, a calculation based on the building’s gross area should be used and for pipe length in vertical shafts, a building’s heating area-based calculation should be used. Our study also showed that up to 33% of pipe heat losses can be utilised as internal heat gain in energy renovated apartment buildings but in unheated basements this figure drops to 30% and in shafts rises to 40% for an average loss (thermal pipe insulation thickness 40 mm) of 10.8 W/m and 5.1 W/m. Unutilised delivered energy loss from DHW systems in smaller apartment buildings can be up to 12.1 kWh/(m2·a) and in bigger apartment buildings not less than 5.5 kWh/(m2·a) (40 mm thermal pipe insulation).

scholarly journals Domestic hot water consumption in four low-income apartment buildings

Energy ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Vine ◽  
Rick Diamond ◽  
Rich Szydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Apartment Buildings
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