Exploring cooling pattern of low-income households in urban China based on a large-scale questionnaire survey: A case study in Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 110783
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Shan Hu ◽  
Da Yan ◽  
Siyue Guo ◽  
Pengcheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Cooling Pattern ◽  
Low Income Households

scholarly journals Poverty Suburbanization, Job Accessibility, and Employment Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Delmelle ◽  
Isabelle Nilsson ◽  
Providence Adu
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Amenities ◽  
Job Opportunity ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Center City ◽  
Household Incomes ◽  
Block Groups ◽  
Low Income Households

The last decade of urbanization throughout many cities have seen a perceptible shift in the demand for centralized urban amenities while poverty has increasingly decentralized. Yet, the opportunity landscape of these shifting geographies of poverty and prosperity are not well understood. In this article, we examine how access to employment for low-income households has been impacted as a result of these changing geographies. Using a case study on the Charlotte metropolitan area we examine whether the suburbanization of poverty and reinvestment in the center city has reshaped the job opportunity landscape for low-wage residents. The objectives of this article are twofold. First, we calculate and map autobased accessibility from all neighborhoods in the Charlotte metropolitan area to job locations, differentiated by wage categories, in 2010 and 2017 to identify potential changes in the mismatch between low-income households and access to employment. We use a point-level employment dataset for these two years and calculate accessibility originating from census block groups. Second, we estimate the extent to which access to employment has affected employment rates and household incomes at the neighborhood level using a first-difference, spatial two-stage least squares model with instrumental variables. Our findings suggest that changes in accessibility had no significant effect on changes in neighborhood employment rates. However, we find evidence that increasing accessibility for lower-income households could have a positive effect on neighborhood median household incomes. Overall, the polycentric nature of Charlotte appears to have reduced the spatial mismatch between low-income workers and low-wage jobs.

scholarly journals New Curriculum Reform in China and its Impact on Teachers

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Education System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Complex Dimensions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

China, the developing country with the largest and oldest public education system, is transforming its education system through a nation-wide curriculum reform. This large-scale curriculum change signifies China's complex and multi-dimensional processes and endeavors in empowering its educational system to meet the challenges and opportunities in the era of globalization. This paper reports on an interpretive case study with a particular interest in understanding the impact of the nation-wide curriculum reform on teachers in urban areas. Findings from this study present the complex dimensions of teachers’ lived experiences during this dramatic education change and shed new insights on the current teaching profession in urban China.

Free basic water in Msunduzi, KwaZulu-Natal: is it making a difference to the lives of low-income households?

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Smith ◽  
J. Maryann Green
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
African Government ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Making A Difference ◽  
Tariff Structures ◽  
Low Income Households

South Africa's past apartheid inequities create unique challenges in achieving water delivery goals. The South African government implemented the free basic water (FBW) policy in July 2001 to ensure all South Africans had access to a basic amount of safe water by 2004. The FBW policy entitles all people to a free lifeline supply of 6000 ls/6 kilolitres (kl) (1 kl = 1000 l) of water per household per month. Despite being heralded as a way of ensuring access of lifeline water services to low-income households, fundamental policy flaws exist. The FBW allocation does not meet the basic water requirements and special water requirements of the majority of low-income households. Low-income households require more than the 6 kl allocation and are thereby expected to pay the full cost for their water service. The affordability crisis has not been addressed as tariff structures and cross-subsidisation mechanisms remain inadequate. The financial sustainability of the FBW policy is reliant on the equitable share, an unconditional grant from national government and user-fees, which the extensive low-income sector cannot afford to pay. The FBW policy is analysed, via a case study, conducted in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, within the Msunduzi municipal jurisdiction, which draws on low-income household experience of the policy.

Housing and Health: A Case Study of Two Areas in West Belfast

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Blackman ◽  
Eileen Evason ◽  
Martin Melaugh ◽  
Roberta Woods
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Mass Housing ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

ABSTRACTThe issue of housing and health has received growing attention in recent years. This article reviews why this has been the case and presents the results of the authors' study of housing and health in two areas of West Belfast. A large scale household survey was carried out in Divis Flats and part of the Twinbrook estate, both deprived areas of public sector housing, to compare health and housing conditions. The health of children in Divis is shown to be much worse than the health of children in Twinbrook. Respiratory conditions, diarrhoea, vomiting and psychological distress were particularly common. The health of adults in Divis was also markedly worse than in Twinbrook, and the health of women generally worse than men. The authors conclude that Divis Flats is a contemporary public sector slum and support the case for clearance and rehousing. However, it is argued that the health problems of Divis are one, extreme, manifestation of a wider problem of ill health in low income, ‘mass housing’ areas.

scholarly journals Exploring the Roles of Local Mobility Patterns, Socioeconomic Conditions, and Lockdown Policies in Shaping the Patterns of COVID-19 Spread

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Mauricio Herrera ◽  
Alex Godoy-Faúndez
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
High Income ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Large Cities

The COVID-19 crisis has shown that we can only prevent the risk of mass contagion through timely, large-scale, coordinated, and decisive actions. This pandemic has also highlighted the critical importance of generating rigorous evidence for decision-making, and actionable insights from data, considering further the intricate web of causes and drivers behind observed patterns of contagion diffusion. Using mobility, socioeconomic, and epidemiological data recorded throughout the pandemic development in the Santiago Metropolitan Region, we seek to understand the observed patterns of contagion. We characterize human mobility patterns during the pandemic through different mobility indices and correlate such patterns with the observed contagion diffusion, providing data-driven models for insights, analysis, and inferences. Through these models, we examine some effects of the late application of mobility restrictions in high-income urban regions that were affected by high contagion rates at the beginning of the pandemic. Using augmented synthesis control methods, we study the consequences of the early lifting of mobility restrictions in low-income sectors connected by public transport to high-risk and high-income communes. The Santiago Metropolitan Region is one of the largest Latin American metropolises with features that are common to large cities. Therefore, it can be used as a relevant case study to unravel complex patterns of the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Up-Cycled Food Waste to a Balanced Diet of Low-Income Households

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4779
Author(s):  
Anne Nogueira ◽  
Fátima Alves ◽  
Paula Vaz-Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Portuguese Population ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Cooked Food ◽  
Nutritional Balance ◽  
Low Income Households

This paper focuses on the contribution of an upcycling food organization to a balanced diet, which rescues and redistributes fresh or freshly cooked food to low-income households. To determine the nutritional balance of food hampers provided by our case study organization, according to the Portuguese food guidelines, we have weighed all items of food hampers in three weighing rounds over a period of four months. The results suggest that upcycled foods can contribute to a more balanced diet in terms of “Potato, Cereal and Cereal Products”, “Vegetables”, “Meat, Fish, Seafood and Eggs” and “Fruits”, both according to the Portuguese Food Wheel and compared to that of the general Portuguese population. The novelty of this study is the evaluation of the contribution to the balanced diet of the population in a vulnerable situation, of perishable foods such as freshly cooked, in traditional restaurants, cafes, bakeries, and hotels, or is naturally fresh (fruit and vegetables food aid services) up-cycled by a food aid organization.

scholarly journals Ethiopia: Natural Resource Exploitation and Emerging Investors1

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Besada
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Resource Governance ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
The Impact

Natural resource governance accelerates development. Ethiopia, a low-income country, passed land legislation in the 1990s and subsequently exhibited exceptional economic growth and human development improvements. From 2004 to 2014, Ethiopia’s average annual GDP growth rate was about nine per cent. Nevertheless, over 80% of the population remain food insecure. Using a literature review and interviews, this case study examines Ethiopia’s economic and social development through a land governance lens. It aims to document the flaws in Ethiopia’s regulatory framework that hinder vulnerable communities from leveraging the benefits of greater foreign direct investments (FDI) and resultant economic growth. The case analyzes Ethiopia’s agricultural governance framework and the impact of FDI-driven large-scale farming on smallholder communities, and concludes with suggestions for alternative investment approaches. The case study reveals that Ethiopian government legislation and resultant macroeconomic growth has yet to deliver inclusive and stable economic gains for many of the vulnerable smallholder communities. There is a need to advance further regulation and policies that not only protect these vulnerable communities, but also enhance economic and trade incentives for potential foreign investors.

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