An Exergy-Based Minimum Carbon Footprint Model for Optimum Equipment Oversizing and Temperature Peaking in Low-Temperature District Heating Systems

Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 121339
Author(s):  
Birol Kilkis
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Footprint Model ◽  
District Heating Systems

scholarly journals Technology Pathways and Economic Analysis for Transforming High Temperature to Low Temperature District Heating Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3218
Author(s):  
Pedro Durán ◽  
Herena Torio ◽  
Patrik Schönfeldt ◽  
Peter Klement ◽  
Benedikt Hanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

There are 1454 district heating systems in Germany. Most of them are fossil based and with high temperature levels, which is neither efficient nor sustainable and needs to be changed for reaching the 2050 climate goals. In this paper, we present a case study for transforming a high to low temperature district heating system which is more suitable for renewable energy supply. With the Carnot Toolbox, a dynamic model of a potential district heating system is simulated and then transformed to a low temperature supply. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to see the system performance in case space constrains restrict the transformation. Finally, an economic comparison is performed. Results show that it is technically possible to perform the transformation until a very low temperature system. The use of decentralized renewable sources, decentralized heat storage tanks and the placement of a heat pump on each building are the key points to achieve the transformation. Regarding the sensitivity analysis, the transformation is worth doing until the seasonal storage and solar collector field sizes are reduced to 60% and 80% of their values in the reference case, respectively. The economic analysis shows, however, that it is hard for highly efficient low temperature renewable based heat networks to compete with district heating systems based on a centralized fossile CHP solution. Thus, though the presented transformation is technically possible, there is a strong need to change existing economic schemes and policies for fostering a stronger promotion of renewable energy policies in the heat sector.

scholarly journals Exergy Analyses of Low-Temperature District Heating Systems With Different Sanitary Hot-Water Boosters

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Poredoš ◽  
Kitanovski ◽  
Poredoš
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Intersection Point ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Exergy Analyses

This paper presents an exergy-efficiency analysis of low-temperature district heating systems (DHSs) with different sanitary hot-water (SHW) boosters. The required temperature of the sanitary hot water (SHW) was set to 50 °C. The main objective of this study was to compare the exergy efficiencies of a DHS without a booster to DHSs with three different types of boosters, i.e., electric-, gas-boiler- and heat-pump-based, during the winter and summer seasons. To achieve this, we developed a generalized model for the calculation of the exergy efficiency of a DHS with or without the booster. The results show that during the winter season, for a very low relative share of SHW production, the DHS without the booster exhibits favorable exergy efficiencies compared to the DHSs with boosters. By increasing this share, an intersection point above 45 °C for the supply temperatures, at which the higher exergy efficiency of a DHS with a booster prevails, can be identified. In the summer season the results show that a DHS without a booster at a supply temperature above 70 °C achieves lower exergy efficiencies compared to DHSs with boosters at supply temperatures above 40 °C. The results also show that ultra-low supply and return temperatures should be avoided for the DHSs with boosters, due to higher rates of entropy generation.

scholarly journals Performance of ultra low temperature district heating systems with utility plant and booster heat pumps

Energy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 544-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Ommen ◽  
Jan Eric Thorsen ◽  
Wiebke Brix Markussen ◽  
Brian Elmegaard
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Utility Plant

Experimental Research of Thermo-Hydraulic Separators and Dispatchers in Heat Supply Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 1385-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.V. Yavorovsky ◽  
D.O. Romanov ◽  
V.G. Khromchenkov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

This article is concerned with the research of thermos-hydraulic separators and dispatchers (THD) in heat supply systems and focuses on the experimental part of the research. Тhe experiments allowed to develop the ANSYS Fluent model in terms of accuracy and veracity. The developed model allows to predict operation of THD in different regimes. The results may be used for designing the systems with THD. Such systems may be low temperature district heating systems, where THD allow to hydraulically separate the circuits from each other.

scholarly journals Ultra-low-temperature district heating systems – a way to maximise the ecological and economical effect of an investment?

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Ciapała ◽  
Jakub Jurasz ◽  
Mirosław Janowski
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Capacity Factor ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
District Heating Systems

One of the most challenging aspects of a new district heating (DH) design is its general performance, which will determine the ecological and economic impacts of the investment. Choosing the lowest applicable temperatures which are distributed via ultra-low-temperature district heating (ULTDH) systems may yield the desired results. The article elaborates the economic and ecological aspects of the application of ULTDH. The results of the analysis indicate that the capacity factor may be significantly improved, while the overall ecological effects of the investment are strongly dependent on the previously used heat source and the source of electric power.

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