INVESTIGATION OF NOVEL RARE VARIANTS IN NRXN1 CONTRIBUTES TO THE INCREASED RISK OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS AND SCHIZOPHRENIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S829
Author(s):  
Kanako Ishizuka ◽  
Branko Aleksic ◽  
Norio Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Oral Health and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Unique Collaboration between Dentistry and Occupational Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Dominique H. Como ◽  
Leah I. Stein Duker ◽  
José C. Polido ◽  
Sharon A. Cermak
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are at risk for oral health disparities. With the dramatic rise in ASD prevalence to 1 in 54 children, it is likely that an increasing number of dental practitioners will encounter or be asked to treat children with ASD. This paper reviews explanations related to the increasing prevalence of ASD, provides reasons why children with ASD are at increased risk for poor oral health, and discusses unique interprofessional collaborations between dental practitioners and occupational therapists. Occupational therapists and dentists can work together to plan modifications to the dental environment or adapt dental protocols to reduce some of the barriers encountered by those with ASD, provide desensitization strategies before the clinic visit, or help a child with emotional regulation during clinical treatments.

Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Research Review for School Counselors

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 2156759X1501604
Author(s):  
Richard W. Auger
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Social Deficits ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Social ◽  
Students With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

The number of students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has risen significantly in recent years (CDC, 2012), and students with ASD present unique challenges to schools and school counselors. This article presents a synthesis of recent research literature related to ASD for the purpose of providing school counselors with assistance in understanding and addressing the needs of students with ASD. Specific areas of focus include the prevalence, developmental course, and defining characteristics of ASD, and research on the effectiveness of interventions for students with ASD. Students with ASD are at increased risk for a range of problems, including social deficits and limitations, anxiety, aggression, peer victimization, and underachievement (Ashburner, Ziviani, & Rodger, 2010). Interventions to address the social deficits of students with ASD have shown promise but also have been found to lack results that are generalizable and that persist over time (Schreiber, 2011). This article provides specific recommendations for school counselors.

scholarly journals Increased Risk for Substance Use-Related Problems in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Butwicka ◽  
Niklas Långström ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Sebastian Lundström ◽  
Eva Serlachius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Autism spectrum disorders: weighing the risk of SSRI exposure in pregnancy

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ostuzzi ◽  
C. Barbui
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Confounding By Indication ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Recent Cohort

A possible link between prenatal exposure to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and development of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), previously suggested by two case-control studies, was not confirmed by a recent cohort study that followed for 5–10 years more than 600,000 births. However, this study failed to demonstrate that SSRI exposure during pregnancy is safe in terms of child development outcomes, as an increased risk of ASDs cannot be completely ruled out. In the present article, the main strengths and weaknesses of this study are briefly analysed, including a possibility of confounding by indication.

scholarly journals Increased Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders at Short and Long Interpregnancy Intervals in Finland

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1074-1081.e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keely Cheslack-Postava ◽  
Auli Suominen ◽  
Elina Jokiranta ◽  
Venla Lehti ◽  
Ian W. McKeague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Interpregnancy Intervals ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

A Multimethod Assessment of Anxiety and Problem Behavior in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Moskowitz ◽  
Emile Mulder ◽  
Caitlin E. Walsh ◽  
Darlene Magito McLaughlin ◽  
Jennifer R. Zarcone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Despite the increased risk for anxiety disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), there is a lack of research on the assessment and treatment of anxiety in this population, particularly for those with an intellectual disability (ID). The present study evaluated a multimethod strategy for the assessment of anxiety and problem behavior in three children with ASD and ID. Anxiety was operationally defined using: (1) behavioral data from anxious behaviors, (2) affective/contextual data from parent-report and observer ratings of overall anxiety, and (3) physiological data (heart rate [HR] and respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]). A functional assessment of problem behavior during high- and low-anxiety conditions was conducted. Higher levels of problem behavior and HR and lower RSA were found in the high-anxiety than in the low-anxiety conditions.

scholarly journals Common and rare variants of microRNA genes in autism spectrum disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 376-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Toma ◽  
Bàrbara Torrico ◽  
Amaia Hervás ◽  
Marta Salgado ◽  
Isabel Rueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Rare Variants ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Microrna Genes

scholarly journals Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Ormstad ◽  
Vesna Bryn ◽  
Ola Didrik Saugstad ◽  
Ola Skjeldal ◽  
Michael Maes
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Selective Review ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background: The evidence based supports that multifactorial and complex immune interactions play a role in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but contradictory findings are also reported. Objective: The aim of this selective review was to identify trends in the research literature on this topic, focusing on immunology and other aberrations with respect to the different ASD subtypes. Methods: This selective review is based on original and review articles written in English and identified in literature searches of PubMed. Results: Several studies have found that the risk of ASD is greater among children whose mothers suffered from autoimmune diseases while pregnant. Moreover, individuals with ASD show increased levels of antibodies that are specific for several specific proteins. Studies also show that mothers of children with ASD have antibodies against fetal brain proteins. There are also reports on the associations between increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and ASD. Finally, infections in mothers during pregnancy are linked to an increased risk of ASD. Conclusion: We propose that the large inconsistencies in findings among studies in the field are due to differences in subdiagnoses among the included children with ASD. Well-phenotyped ASD samples are needed to understand the biological and immunological mechanisms underpinning ASD and its subdiagnoses. Future research should apply new strategies to scrutinize the link between ASD and changes in immune responsivity. Important new research avenues are to investigate the associations (a) between different ASD phenotypes and aberrations in (auto)immune pathways and (b) between reduced natural regulatory autoimmune responses during pregnancy, which are in turn associated with increased oxidative and nitrosative stress in maternal blood and putative detrimental effects in the offspring.

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