Synaptic pattern of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 and β2 subunits on the direction-selective retinal ganglion cells in the postnatal mouse retina

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Jin Kim ◽  
Chang Jin Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine

scholarly journals A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist Prevents Loss of Retinal Ganglion Cells in a Glaucoma Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Iwamoto ◽  
Patrick Birkholz ◽  
Austin Schipper ◽  
David Mata ◽  
David M. Linn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine

Differential co-localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits with calcium-binding proteins in retinal ganglion cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 774 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia M Araki ◽  
Raquel S Pires ◽  
Luiz R.G Britto ◽  
Jon M Lindstrom ◽  
Harvey J Karten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Calcium Binding Proteins ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine

scholarly journals PTEN Expression Regulates Gap Junction Connectivity in the Retina

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Chen ◽  
Shaghauyegh S. Azar ◽  
Alexander Harris ◽  
Nicholas C. Brecha ◽  
Luis Pérez de Sevilla Müller
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junction ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Amacrine Cells ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Cell Coupling ◽  
Cell Degeneration

Manipulation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) pathway has been suggested as a therapeutic approach to treat or prevent vision loss due to retinal disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of deleting one copy of Pten in a well-characterized class of retinal ganglion cells called α-ganglion cells in the mouse retina. In Pten+/– retinas, α-ganglion cells did not exhibit major changes in their dendritic structure, although most cells developed a few, unusual loop-forming dendrites. By contrast, α-ganglion cells exhibited a significant decrease in heterologous and homologous gap junction mediated cell coupling with other retinal ganglion and amacrine cells. Additionally, the majority of OFF α-ganglion cells (12/18 cells) formed novel coupling to displaced amacrine cells. The number of connexin36 puncta, the predominant connexin that mediates gap junction communication at electrical synapses, was decreased by at least 50% on OFF α-ganglion cells. Reduced and incorrect gap junction connectivity of α-ganglion cells will affect their functional properties and alter visual image processing in the retina. The anomalous connectivity of retinal ganglion cells would potentially limit future therapeutic approaches involving manipulation of the Pten pathway for treating ganglion cell degeneration in diseases like glaucoma, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases.

scholarly journals Classification of Retinal Ganglion Cells: A Statistical Approach

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1704-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Carcieri ◽  
Adam L. Jacobs ◽  
Sheila Nirenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Response Latency ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Relative Amplitude ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Continuous Group ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Classification Schemes

Numerous studies have shown that retinal ganglion cells exhibit an array of responses to visual stimuli. This has led to the idea that these cells can be sorted into distinct physiological classes, such as linear versus nonlinear or on versus off. Although many classification schemes are widely accepted, few studies have provided statistical support to favor one scheme over another. Here we test whether some of the most widely used classification schemes can be statistically verified, using the mouse retina as the model system. We used a cluster analysis approach and focused on 4 standard response parameters: 1) response latency, 2) response duration, 3) relative amplitude of the on and off responses, and 4) degree of nonlinearity in the stimulus-to-response transformation. For each parameter, we plotted its distribution and tested quantitatively, using a bootstrap method, whether it divided into distinct clusters. Our analysis showed that mouse ganglion cells clustered into several groups based on response latency, duration, and relative amplitude of the on and off responses, but did not cluster into more than one group based on degree of nonlinearity—the latter formed a single, large, continuous group. Thus while some well-known schemes for classifying ganglion cells could be statistically verified, others could not. Knowledge of which schemes can be confirmed is important for building models of how retinal output is processed and how retinal circuits are built. Finally, this cluster analysis approach is general and can be used to test other classification proposals as well, both physiological and anatomical.

Neural nicotinic acetylcholine responses in solitary mammalian retinal ganglion cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 410 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart A. Lipton ◽  
Elias Aizenman ◽  
Ralph H. Loring
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Nicotinic Acetylcholine
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