scholarly journals Transformation systems, gene silencing and gene editing technologies in oomycetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikal Ghimire ◽  
Marcia Saraiva ◽  
Christian B. Andersen ◽  
Anupam Gogoi ◽  
Mona Saleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Transformation Systems

Gene silencing or gene editing: the pros and cons.

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Huw D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Targeted Mutation ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Or Gene

Abstract Research into plant genetics often requires the suppression or complete knockout of gene expression to scientifically validate gene function. In addition, the phenotypes obtained from gene suppression can occasionally have commercial value for plant breeders. Until recently, the methodological choices to achieve these goals fell into two broad types: either some form of RNA-based gene silencing; or the screening of large numbers of natural or induced random genomic mutations. The more recent invention of gene editing as a tool for targeted mutation potentially gives researchers and plant breeders another route to block gene function. RNAi is widely used in animal and plant research and functions to silence gene expression by degrading the target gene transcript. Although RNAi offers unique advantages over genomic mutations, it often leads to the formation of a genetically modified organism (GMO), which for commercial activities has major regulatory and acceptance issues in some regions of the world. Traditional methods of generating genomic mutations are more laborious and uncertain to achieve the desired goals but possess a distinct advantage of not being governed by GMO regulations. Gene editing (GE) technologies have some of the advantages of both RNAi and classical mutation breeding in that they can be designed to give simple knockouts or to modulate gene expression more subtly. GE also has a more complex regulatory position, with some countries treating it as another conventional breeding method whilst the EU defines GE as a technique of genetic modification and applies the normal GMO authorization procedures. This chapter explores the pros and cons of RNAi alongside other methods of modulating gene function.

scholarly journals A Highly Efficient Protocol To Establish Regeneration And Genetic Transformation Systems And Create Targeted Mutations Using CRISPR/Cas9 in Lycium Ruthenicum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Wang ◽  
Hai Wang ◽  
Jiangmiao Liu ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Huien Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Lycium Ruthenicum ◽  
Genetic Transformation System ◽  
Biallelic Mutations ◽  
Transformation Systems ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background: The CRISPR/Cas9 system has rapidly become the preferred tool for various biological sequencing projects due to its high efficiency, specificity, simplicity and versatility, and it has been utilized for targeted genomic alternations in several important plants of Solanaceae, including tomato, tobacco, potato, petunia and groundcherry. Wolfberry is the sixth most important solanaceous crop in China following potato, tomato, eggplant, pepper and tobacco. To date, there has been no report on CRISPR/Cas9 technology to improve Lycium ruthenicum due to the unknown genome and the lack of efficient regeneration and genetic transformation systems.Results: In this study, we established a suitable regeneration and genetic transformation system of Lycium ruthenicum, the fw2.2 gene was identified, which was the first fruit weight gene identifified from tomato and accounted for 30% of the variation in fruit size. The gene editing of black wolfberry were carried out by CRISPR/ Cas9 for the first time here with a very high editing efficiency (95.45%) in fw2.2. Four homozygous mutations and nine biallelic mutations were obtained from T0 generation plants. Conclusions: These results suggest that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is effective for gene editing study of black wolfberry, and we expect this approach to be routinely applied to this important economic fruit.

Gene silencing or gene editing: the pros and cons.

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Huw D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Gene Function ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Targeted Mutation ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Or Gene

Abstract Research into plant genetics often requires the suppression or complete knockout of gene expression to scientifically validate gene function. In addition, the phenotypes obtained from gene suppression can occasionally have commercial value for plant breeders. Until recently, the methodological choices to achieve these goals fell into two broad types: either some form of RNA-based gene silencing; or the screening of large numbers of natural or induced random genomic mutations. The more recent invention of gene editing as a tool for targeted mutation potentially gives researchers and plant breeders another route to block gene function. RNAi is widely used in animal and plant research and functions to silence gene expression by degrading the target gene transcript. Although RNAi offers unique advantages over genomic mutations, it often leads to the formation of a genetically modified organism (GMO), which for commercial activities has major regulatory and acceptance issues in some regions of the world. Traditional methods of generating genomic mutations are more laborious and uncertain to achieve the desired goals but possess a distinct advantage of not being governed by GMO regulations. Gene editing (GE) technologies have some of the advantages of both RNAi and classical mutation breeding in that they can be designed to give simple knockouts or to modulate gene expression more subtly. GE also has a more complex regulatory position, with some countries treating it as another conventional breeding method whilst the EU defines GE as a technique of genetic modification and applies the normal GMO authorization procedures. This chapter explores the pros and cons of RNAi alongside other methods of modulating gene function.

968: Gelsolin Gene Silencing Involving Unusual Chromatin Structures and a Novel Stem Loop Structure of the Promoter Region in Human Bladder Cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Kazunori Haga ◽  
Ataru Sazawa ◽  
Toru Harabayashi ◽  
Nobuo Shinohara ◽  
Minoru Nomoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Loop Structure ◽  
Human Bladder Cancer ◽  
Human Bladder ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Stem Loop Structure
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