scholarly journals Effective actions for managing resilient high elevation five-needle white pine forests in western North America at multiple scales under changing climates

2022 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
pp. 119939
Author(s):  
Robert E. Keane ◽  
Anna W. Schoettle ◽  
Diana F. Tomback
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Western North America ◽  
White Pine

scholarly journals A 5200-year record of freshwater availability for regions in western North America fed by high-elevation runoff

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent B. Wolfe ◽  
Thomas W. D. Edwards ◽  
Roland I. Hall ◽  
John W. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Freshwater Availability

scholarly journals First Report of the White Pine Blister Rust Fungus, Cronartium ribicola, on Pedicularis bracteosa

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Zambino ◽  
B. A. Richardson ◽  
G. I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Leaf Section ◽  
Ribes Spp

Until recently, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. was thought to utilize only Ribes spp. (Grossulariaceae) as telial hosts in North America. During 2004, Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ex Benth. and Castilleja miniata Dougl. (Orobanchaceae) were proven as natural telial hosts at a subalpine site (48.634109°N, 116.570817°W, elevation 1,800 m) near Roman Nose Lake, ID, where whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) and western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) are aecial hosts, and Pedicularis, Castilleja, and Ribes spp. are common herbs/shrubs (2). During August 2006, teliospore columns typical of C. ribicola or the morphologically indistinguishable (2) C. coleosporioides J.C. Arthur were found on two Pedicularis bracteosa Benth. plants at this site, within 3 m of a large, sporulating canker on whitebark pine. ITS/5.8S rDNA regions were sequenced using detached teliospore column samples from the two plants, ITS1F and ITS4 primers (3), and standard PCR protocols (2). One sample sequence was identified as C. ribicola and the other as C. coleosporioides (GenBank Accession Nos. EF185857 and EF185858, respectively), by exact matches in comparisons with published sequences (2). Artificial inoculation confirmed P. bracteosa's ability to host C. ribicola. Sections of leaves collected near Freezeout Saddle, ID (47.00885°N, 116.00846°W, elev. 1,600 m) were rinsed in water, placed abaxial side up on moistened filter paper in 150-mm petri plates, inoculated with seven diverse sources of urediniospores/aeciospores, misted with distilled water, and incubated at 18°C with 12 h of light. A single leaf section produced urediniospores 17 days and teliospores 26 days after inoculation with one of two Roman Nose aeciospore sources. Urediniospores from this leaf section caused infections on Ribes nigrum L., and teliospore columns yielded a DNA sequence that matched C. ribicola. Though P. bracteosa is confirmed as yet another natural host of C. ribicola in North America, it may be producing less C. ribicola inoculum for pine infection than do the P. racemosa and Ribes spp. telial hosts at the collection site. Uredinia and telia of C. ribicola on P. bracteosa were much less frequent and smaller than those on P. racemosa and Ribes spp. and those of C. coleosporioides on this same host (2). Pedicularis (but not Castilleja) spp. are significant telial hosts of C. ribicola strains at some high elevation sites in eastern Asia (1). Discovery of multiple North American telial hosts in the Orobanchaceae suggests unrecognized complexity in C. ribicola's ability to exploit ecological niches in recently established pathosystems of North America (2). References: (1) G. I. McDonald et al. Pages 41–57 in: Forest Pathology: From Genes to Landscapes. J. Lundquist and R. Hamelin, eds. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 2005. (2) G. I. McDonald et al. For. Pathol. 36:73, 2006. (3) T. J. White et al. Pages 315–322 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al. eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.

Rapid change in high-elevation precipitation patterns of western North America during the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO)

2015 ◽  
Vol 315 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mulch ◽  
C. P. Chamberlain ◽  
M. A. Cosca ◽  
C. Teyssier ◽  
K. Methner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Precipitation Patterns ◽  
Climatic Optimum

scholarly journals Heterogeneous nonmarket benefits of managing white pine bluster rust in high-elevation pine forests

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Meldrum ◽  
Patricia A. Champ ◽  
Craig A. Bond
Keyword(s):  
High Elevation ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
White Pine

Phylogenetic relationships within hump-winged grigs, Cyphoderris (Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Haglidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kumala ◽  
D A McLennan ◽  
D R Brooks ◽  
A C Mason
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Consistency Index ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Almost All

The genus Cyphoderris, or hump-winged grigs, is represented by three species of cold-adapted, acoustic Ensifera with a geographic distribution that is generally restricted to the high-elevation coniferous forests of western North America. A phylogenetic analysis based on 29 morphological and 3 behavioural characters produced one tree, (C. buckelli (C. strepitans, C. monstrosa)) with a consistency index of 1.0. We discuss possible explanations for the observation that almost all of the autapomorphic change was concentrated in C. monstrosa.

Serpentine Vegetation of Western North America

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl B. Alexander ◽  
Roger G. Coleman ◽  
Todd Keeler-Wolfe ◽  
Susan P. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Western North America ◽  
North American Continent ◽  
Serpentine Vegetation

As discussed in chapter 11, the general patterning of vegetation on serpentine up and down the western North American continent is relatively straightforward. However, many of the distinctive nuances relating to the structure and composition of the vegetation, particularly in comparison to adjacent nonserpentine vegetation have yet to be described. In this chapter we use vegetation as a tool to describe the variation of biotic diversity on serpentine throughout western North America. Vegetation is valuable in this regard because, by describing it, one assembles the information on all plants growing in different patterns in a landscape. This chapter expands on some of the concepts mentioned in chapter 11 and addresses some of the specific questions of interest to ecologists and biologists regarding the influence of serpentine on groups of plant species, using examples from western North America. Western North America provides an excellent template for understanding general questions about serpentine effects on species and vegetation. The broad latitudinal distribution and the local topographic and geologic diversity of serpentine exposures throughout this area produce an array of gradients of temperature, moisture, soil development, disturbance patterns, and day length to produce multiple ecological gradients operating at multiple scales. Also, within western North America a wide number of species from many different genera and families are influenced by serpentine. Vegetation classification is a tool used for several purposes, including efficient communication, data reduction and synthesis, interpretation, and land management and planning. Classifications provide one way of summarizing our knowledge of vegetation patterns. Although there are many different classification concepts, all classifications require the identification of a set of discrete vegetation classes. The fundamental unit of these discrete classes that is identifiable in the field is the stand. A stand is defined by two main unifying characteristics (CNPS 2003): 1. It has compositional integrity. Throughout the site, the combination of plant species is similar. The stand is differentiated from adjacent stands by a shift in plant species composition that may be abrupt or indistinct. That shift relates to a concomitant shift in certain ecological features such as temperature, moisture, or soil fertility that maintain control over the plant species composition.

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