scholarly journals First Report of the White Pine Blister Rust Fungus, Cronartium ribicola, on Pedicularis bracteosa

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Zambino ◽  
B. A. Richardson ◽  
G. I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Leaf Section ◽  
Ribes Spp

Until recently, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. was thought to utilize only Ribes spp. (Grossulariaceae) as telial hosts in North America. During 2004, Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ex Benth. and Castilleja miniata Dougl. (Orobanchaceae) were proven as natural telial hosts at a subalpine site (48.634109°N, 116.570817°W, elevation 1,800 m) near Roman Nose Lake, ID, where whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) and western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) are aecial hosts, and Pedicularis, Castilleja, and Ribes spp. are common herbs/shrubs (2). During August 2006, teliospore columns typical of C. ribicola or the morphologically indistinguishable (2) C. coleosporioides J.C. Arthur were found on two Pedicularis bracteosa Benth. plants at this site, within 3 m of a large, sporulating canker on whitebark pine. ITS/5.8S rDNA regions were sequenced using detached teliospore column samples from the two plants, ITS1F and ITS4 primers (3), and standard PCR protocols (2). One sample sequence was identified as C. ribicola and the other as C. coleosporioides (GenBank Accession Nos. EF185857 and EF185858, respectively), by exact matches in comparisons with published sequences (2). Artificial inoculation confirmed P. bracteosa's ability to host C. ribicola. Sections of leaves collected near Freezeout Saddle, ID (47.00885°N, 116.00846°W, elev. 1,600 m) were rinsed in water, placed abaxial side up on moistened filter paper in 150-mm petri plates, inoculated with seven diverse sources of urediniospores/aeciospores, misted with distilled water, and incubated at 18°C with 12 h of light. A single leaf section produced urediniospores 17 days and teliospores 26 days after inoculation with one of two Roman Nose aeciospore sources. Urediniospores from this leaf section caused infections on Ribes nigrum L., and teliospore columns yielded a DNA sequence that matched C. ribicola. Though P. bracteosa is confirmed as yet another natural host of C. ribicola in North America, it may be producing less C. ribicola inoculum for pine infection than do the P. racemosa and Ribes spp. telial hosts at the collection site. Uredinia and telia of C. ribicola on P. bracteosa were much less frequent and smaller than those on P. racemosa and Ribes spp. and those of C. coleosporioides on this same host (2). Pedicularis (but not Castilleja) spp. are significant telial hosts of C. ribicola strains at some high elevation sites in eastern Asia (1). Discovery of multiple North American telial hosts in the Orobanchaceae suggests unrecognized complexity in C. ribicola's ability to exploit ecological niches in recently established pathosystems of North America (2). References: (1) G. I. McDonald et al. Pages 41–57 in: Forest Pathology: From Genes to Landscapes. J. Lundquist and R. Hamelin, eds. The American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul, MN, 2005. (2) G. I. McDonald et al. For. Pathol. 36:73, 2006. (3) T. J. White et al. Pages 315–322 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. M. A. Innis et al. eds. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.

The relative susceptibility of needle- and stem-derived white pine tissue cultures to artificial inoculation with mycelium of Cronartium ribicola

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1789-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

Tissue cultures of Pinus monticola Dougl. derived from stem cortex and leaf tissues were found susceptible to artificial inoculations with mycelium from the blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola Fisch. ex Rabenh.). Tissue cultures from leaf mesophyll grew slower and were colonized more rapidly by this fungus than those derived from stem cortex.

Resistance to Cronartium ribicola in Pinus monticola: reduced needle-spot frequency

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hoff ◽  
G. I. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resistance Factor ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Horizontal Resistance ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine

Low frequency of needle spots caused by the blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) in western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) appears to be an expression of a horizontal resistance factor in secondary needles. Heritability averaged 37% for two sets of a 4 tester × 10 candidate mating system. We discuss the implications of these results with respect to developing varieties of western white pine resistant to blister rust.

Assessing host specialization among aecial and telial hosts of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce A. Richardson ◽  
Paul J. Zambino ◽  
Ned B. Klopfenstein ◽  
Geral I. McDonald ◽  
Lori M. Carris
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Host Specialization ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Host Association ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity

The white-pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola Fisch. in Rabenh., continues to spread in North America, utilizing various aecial (primary) and telial (alternate) hosts, some of which have only recently been discovered. This introduced pathogen has been characterized as having low genetic diversity in North America, yet it has demonstrated a capacity to invade diverse environments. The recent discovery of this rust fungus on the telial host Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ex Benth., raises questions of whether this host association represents a recent acquisition by C. ribicola or a long-standing host association that was overlooked. Here we explore two questions: (i) is host specialization detectable at a local scale and (ii) is the capacity to infect Pedicularis racemosa local or widespread? Genetic analysis of C. ribicola isolates from different aecial and telial hosts provided no evidence for genetic differentiation and showed similar levels of expected heterozygosity within a geographic population. An inoculation test showed that diverse C. ribicola sources from across North America had the capacity to infect Pedicularis racemosa. These results support a hypothesis that ability to infect Pedicularis racemosa is common in C. ribicola from North America. Utilization of Pedicularis racemosa by C. ribicola may be dependent on the co-occurrence of this host, inoculum, and favorable environments.

scholarly journals First Report of the White Pine Blister Rust Fungus (Cronartium ribicola) Infecting Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis) and Ribes spp. in the Jarbidge Mountains of Northeastern Nevada

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 772-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Vogler ◽  
D. A. Charlet
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Pinus Albicaulis ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
First Report ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
The North ◽  
Ribes Spp ◽  
Bear Creek

The Jarbidge Mountains are a remote and little-visited desert mountain range at the northern edge of the Great Basin in Elko County, NV, 110 km north of Elko and 115 km southwest of Twin Falls, ID. The forest is dominated by subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) at lower elevations and whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) at higher elevations; limber pine (P. flexilis) occurs along streams in canyons at lower elevations (2). P. albicaulis and P. flexilis are hosts for the blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola. In the late 1990s, a survey across the Intermountain West reported no evidence of C. ribicola in the Jarbidge Mountains or elsewhere in the central Great Basin (3). However, unpublished observations by D. A. Charlet in 1988 and 2001 indicate that blister rust has been present in the Jarbidge Mountains for at least 16 years. In September 2002, D. R. Vogler visited the Jarbidge Mountains over a 2-week period, examining whitebark pines along the unpaved route through the Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest connecting Highway 225 and Jarbidge, NV. Blister rust-infected whitebark were found in two locations: (i) Coon Creek Summit (2,575 m elevation), atop the divide between the Great Basin to the south and the Columbia Plateau to the north, and (ii) Bear Creek drainage (2,315 to 2,405 m elevation), 6.7 km northeast of Coon Creek Summit. At Coon Creek Summit, three whitebark pines ranging in diameter from 10 to 30 cm at breast height (dbh) were infected (evidenced by spindle-shaped branch swellings, aecia, and aeciospores), with the oldest infection occurring on wood produced in 1975. Assuming a mean needle retention of 10 years, the first pine infection likely occurred between 1975 and 1984. Ribes montigenum and an unknown Ribes sp. were common at Coon Creek Summit but were not infected. In the Bear Creek drainage north of the divide, 27 whitebark pines ranging in size from under 0.3 m high to 12 cm dbh were found infected, with the oldest infection on 1976 wood indicating an origin between 1976 and 1985. Most pines there, however, appeared to have been infected between 1994 and 1998. At Bear Creek, infection on Ribes spp. was common, with R. cereum the most frequently infected species. Voucher specimens of R. cereum (KPK-948 and KPK-949) are archived in the fungal herbarium at the Institute of Forest Genetics, Placerville, CA. On pine, fresh spermatia and aeciospores were abundant even though it was late in the season. Late sporulation has also been observed above 2,500 m on western white (P. monticola) and whitebark pine northeast of Lake Tahoe in Nevada (4). To our knowledge, our report marks the first recorded intrusion by C. ribicola into the north-central Great Basin. Recently, the first report of C. ribicola on Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (P. aristata) was documented in southern Colorado (1). Now, Great Basin bristlecone (P. longaeva), which is restricted in Nevada to higher elevations in the eastern and southern parts of the state (2), may also be at risk; the northernmost occurrence of this last whitepine holdout from blister rust is in the Ruby Mountains, 135 km south of our findings in the Jarbidge Mountains. References: (1) J. T. Blodgett and K. F. Sullivan. Plant Dis. 88:311, 2004. (2) D. A. Charlet. Atlas of Nevada Conifers. University of Nevada Press, Reno, 1996. (3) J. P. Smith and J. T. Hoffman. Western North American Naturalist 60:165, 2000. (4) J. P. Smith et al. Plant Dis. 84:594. 2000.

Inoculations of Scrophulariaceae with Cronartium ribicola

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2523-2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Ribes Spp

Species of Castilleja, Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, (Scrophulariaceae), and Ribes (Grossulariaceae) in their native habitat were inoculated with aeciospores of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fischer ex Rabh. Only Ribes spp. became infected.

Growth of the rust fungus Cronartium ribicola in tissue cultures of Pinus monticola

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Harvey ◽  
J. L. Grasham
Keyword(s):  
Callus Tissue ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine

Cambial explants of western white pine, Pinus monticola, infected with Cronartium ribicola, were cultured on a medium containing glucose, calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium phosphate (monobasic), ammonium sulfate, ferric sulfate, manganese sulfate, and one of three auxins: indoleacetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or 2,4-(dichlorophenyoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D).Invasion of newly formed callus tissue by the rust fungus was generally slow. Dense, feltlike aerial mycelia were frequently produced. Intercellular mycelia and intracellular haustoria were typical, and direct attachments to aerial mycelia were observed. Occasionally, mycelia invaded the medium, but did not become independent of the host tissue. Typical pycnia- and aecia-like sori were produced in many cultures. Aecia-like sori formed immediately after maturation of pycnia, but did not produce spores.

scholarly journals Characterization of Five Novel Mitoviruses in the White Pine Blister Rust Fungus Cronartium ribicola

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e0154267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jun Liu ◽  
Danelle Chan ◽  
Yu Xiang ◽  
Holly Williams ◽  
Xiao-Rui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust

White Pine Blister Rust

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otis C. Maloy
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Disease Cycle ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Pine Stands

White pine blister rust is probably the most destructive disease of five-needle (white) pines in North America. The rust fungus cannot spread from pine to pine but requires an alternate host, Ribes species, to complete the disease cycle. Several management tools might enable the reestablishment of western white pine stands. Accepted for publication 20 September 2001. Published 24 September 2001.

scholarly journals Cone Collecting Techniques for Whitebark Pine

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Murray
Keyword(s):  
High Elevation ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Crater Lake National Park ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Fire Exclusion ◽  
Collecting Techniques

Abstract Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), a common long-lived tree of high elevation and timberline forests in much of western North America, is declining because of insect infestation, fire exclusion, and the introduced white pine blister rust disease. Restoration treatments relying on nursery production of seedlings for artificial regeneration are quickly developing. Cone collecting techniques are a critical step in this process. The aim of this study was to describe common and emerging techniques for cone collection used at Crater Lake National Park in 2005. Recommendations are offered to guide managers and fieldworkers in efficient, safe, and effective cone collection.

Inhibitory compounds of Pinus monticola resistant and susceptible to Cronartium ribicola

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond J. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Cronartium Ribicola ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
High Level

In a study of the effects of preformed inhibitory compounds in resistant and susceptible western white pine (Pinus monticola Dough), ether fractions from 6 of 16 resistant trees substantially reduced germination of basidiospores of Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh. as compared to the percentage of germination observed in paired susceptible trees. The foliage of western white pine was found to contain a high level of other inhibitory compounds as well. The implications of these and other findings concerning toxic compounds are discussed.

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