Forensic classification of counterfeit banknote paper by X-ray fluorescence and multivariate statistical methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. e43-e47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongling Guo ◽  
Baohua Yin ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Yangke Quan ◽  
Gaojun Shi
2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cüneyt Güler ◽  
Geoffrey D. Thyne ◽  
John E. McCray ◽  
Keith A. Turner

CATENA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 104506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Gabriel Pîrnău ◽  
Cristian Valeriu Patriche ◽  
Bogdan Roşca ◽  
Ionuţ Vasiliniuc ◽  
Nicoleta Vornicu ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Milde ◽  
J. Macháček ◽  
V. Stužka

AbstractClassification of normal and different cancer groups (TNM classification) with univariate and multivariate statistical methods according to the contents of Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn in blood serum is discussed. All serum samples were digested by acid mixture in a microwave mineralization unit prior to the analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results show that univariate methods can distinguish normal and cancer groups. Level of selenium evaluated as arithmetic mean with its standard deviation in colorectal cancer patients was (42.61 ± 23.76) µg L−1. Retransformed mean was used to evaluate levels of managanese (11.99 ± 1.71) µg L−1, copper (1.05 ± 0.06) mg L−1, zinc (2.14 ± 0.21) mg L−1, and iron (1.82 ± 0.22) mg L−1. Conclusions of multivariate statistical procedures (principal component analysis, hierarchical, and k-means clustering) do not correlate very well with the division of serum samples according to the TNM classification.


2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Retike ◽  
Andis Kalvans ◽  
Konrads Popovs ◽  
Janis Bikse ◽  
Alise Babre ◽  
...  

Multivariate statistical methods – principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) – are applied to identify geochemically distinct groundwater groups in the territory of Latvia. The main processes observed to be responsible for groundwater chemical composition are carbonate and gypsum dissolution, fresh and saltwater mixing and ion exchange. On the basis of major ion concentrations, eight clusters (C1–C8) are identified. C6 is interpreted as recharge water not in equilibrium with most sediment forming minerals. Water table aquifers affected by diffuse agricultural influences are found in C3. Groundwater in C4 reflects brine or seawater admixture and gypsum dissolution in C5. C7 and C2 belong to typical bicarbonate groundwater resulting from calcite and dolomite weathering. Extremely low Cl− and SO42− are observed in C8 and described as pre-industrial groundwater or a solely carbonate weathering result. Finally, C1 seems to be a poorly defined subgroup resulting from mixing between other groups. This research demonstrates the validity of applying multivariate statistical methods (PCA and HCA) on major ion chemistry to distribute characteristic trace elements in each cluster even when incomplete records of trace elements are present.


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