Suitability of 3D printing cranial trauma: prospective novel applications and limitations of 3D replicas

Dual-curing thermosetting systems are recently being developed as an alternative to conventional curing systems due to their processing flexibility and the possibility of enhancing the properties of cured parts in single- or multi-stage processing scenarios. Most dual-curing systems currently employed in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies are aimed at improving the quality and properties of the printed parts. However, further benefit can be obtained from control in the curing sequence, making it possible to obtain partially reacted 3D-printed parts with tailored structure and properties, and to complete the reaction by activation of a second polymerization reaction in a subsequent processing stage. This paves the way for a range of novel applications based on the controlled reactivity and functionality of this intermediate material and the final consolidation of the 3D-printed part after this second processing stage. In this review, different strategies and the latest developments based on the concept of dual-curing are analyzed, with a focus on the enhanced functionality and emerging applications of the processed materials.

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Advances in ultramicrotomy for physical sciences applications

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100149386 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 710-711

Author(s):

G. McMahon ◽

T. Malis

Keyword(s):

Particle Surface ◽

Zeolite Catalysts ◽

Physical Sciences ◽

Pull Out ◽

Large Particles ◽

Novel Applications ◽

Metal Wires ◽

Frequent Problem ◽

Specific Orientation ◽

Diamond Knife

As with all techniques which are relatively new and therefore underutilized, diamond knife sectioning in the physical sciences continues to see both developments of the technique and novel applications.Technique Developments Development of specific orientation/embedding procedures for small pieces of awkward shape is exemplified by the work of Bradley et al on large, rather fragile particles of nuclear waste glass. At the same time, the frequent problem of pullout with large particles can be reduced by roughening of the particle surface, and a proven methodology using a commercial coupling agent developed for glasses has been utilized with good results on large zeolite catalysts. The same principle (using acid etches) should work for ceramic fibres or metal wires which may only partially pull out but result in unacceptably thick sections. Researchers from the life sciences continue to develop aspects of embedding media which may be applicable to certain cases in the physical sciences.

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