Slip on normal faults induced by surface processes after the cessation of regional extension—Insights from three-dimensional numerical modelling

Geomorphology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Turpeinen ◽  
Georgios Maniatis ◽  
Andrea Hampel
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Processes ◽  
Normal Faults

scholarly journals Seismic characteristics of polygonal fault systems in the Great South Basin, New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 851-865
Author(s):  
Sukonmeth Jitmahantakul ◽  
Piyaphong Chenrai ◽  
Pitsanupong Kanjanapayont ◽  
Waruntorn Kanitpanyacharoen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
South Basin ◽  
Fault Systems ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Polygonal Fault

AbstractA well-developed multi-tier polygonal fault system is located in the Great South Basin offshore New Zealand’s South Island. The system has been characterised using a high-quality three-dimensional seismic survey tied to available exploration boreholes using regional two-dimensional seismic data. In this study area, two polygonal fault intervals are identified and analysed, Tier 1 and Tier 2. Tier 1 coincides with the Tucker Cove Formation (Late Eocene) with small polygonal faults. Tier 2 is restricted to the Paleocene-to-Late Eocene interval with a great number of large faults. In map view, polygonal fault cells are outlined by a series of conjugate pairs of normal faults. The polygonal faults are demonstrated to be controlled by depositional facies, specifically offshore bathyal deposits characterised by fine-grained clays, marls and muds. Fault throw analysis is used to understand the propagation history of the polygonal faults in this area. Tier 1 and Tier 2 initiate at about Late Eocene and Early Eocene, respectively, based on their maximum fault throws. A set of three-dimensional fault throw images within Tier 2 shows that maximum fault throws of the inner polygonal fault cell occurs at the same age, while the outer polygonal fault cell exhibits maximum fault throws at shallower levels of different ages. The polygonal fault systems are believed to be related to the dewatering of sedimentary formation during the diagenesis process. Interpretation of the polygonal fault in this area is useful in assessing the migration pathway and seal ability of the Eocene mudstone sequence in the Great South Basin.

Three-dimensional numerical modelling of the behaviour of a pile subjected to cyclic lateral loading

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 999-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bourgeois ◽  
M.H.J. Rakotonindriana ◽  
A. Le Kouby ◽  
P. Mestat ◽  
J.F. Serratrice
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lateral Loading

Preliminary results of numerical simulation of submarine landslide-generated waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramtin Sabeti ◽  
Mohammad Heidarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
Set Up

<p>Landslide-generated waves have been major threats to coastal areas and have led to destruction and casualties. Their importance is undisputed, most recently demonstrated by the 2018 Anak Krakatau tsunami, causing several hundred fatalities. The accurate prediction of the maximum initial amplitude of landslide waves (<em>η<sub>max</sub></em>) around the source region is a vital hazard indicator for coastal impact assessment. Laboratory experiments, analytical solutions and numerical modelling are three major methods to investigate the (<em>η<sub>max</sub></em>). However, the numerical modelling approach provides a more flexible and cost- and time-efficient tool. This research presents a numerical simulation of tsunamis due to rigid landslides with consideration of submerged conditions. In particular, this simulation focuses on studying the effect of landslide parameters on <em>η<sub>max</sub>.</em> Results of simulations are compared with our conducted physical experiments at the Brunel University London (UK) to validate the numerical model.</p><p>We employ the fully three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics package, FLOW-3D Hydro for modelling the landslide-generated waves. This software benefit from the Volume of Fluid Method (VOF) as the numerical technique for tracking and locating the free surface. The geometry of the simulation is set up according to the wave tank of physical experiments (i.e. 0.26 m wide, 0.50 m deep and 4.0 m). In order to calibrate the simulation model based on the laboratory measurements, the friction coefficient between solid block and incline is changed to 0.41; likewise, the terminal velocity of the landslide is set to 0.87 m/s. Good agreement between the numerical solutions and the experimental results is found. Sensitivity analyses of landslide parameters (e.g. slide volume, water depth, etc.) on <em>η<sub>max </sub></em>are performed. Dimensionless parameters are employed to study the sensitivity of the initial landslide waves to various landslide parameters.</p>

Three-dimensional numerical modelling of discontinuous fibre composite architectures

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Luchoo ◽  
L T Harper ◽  
N A Warrior ◽  
A Dodworth
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Three Dimensional

Geometrical characterisation of fault arrays in three dimensions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Roche ◽  
Giovanni Camanni ◽  
Conrad Childs ◽  
Tom Manzocchi ◽  
John Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Full Range ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Fault Geometry ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Fault Surface ◽  
Mechanical Stratigraphy ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Geometry Analysis

<p>Normal faults are often complex three-dimensional structures comprising multiple sub-parallel segments separated by intact or breached relay zones. In this study we outline geometrical characterisations capturing this 3D complexity and providing a semi-quantitative basis for the comparison of faults and for defining the factors controlling their geometrical evolution. Relay zones are classified according to whether they step in the strike or dip direction and whether the relay zone-bounding fault segments are unconnected in 3D or bifurcate from a single surface. Complex fault surface geometry is then described in terms of the relative numbers of different types of relay zones to allow comparison of fault geometry between different faults and different geological settings. A large database of 87 fault arrays compiled primarily from mapping 3D seismic reflection surveys and classified according to this scheme, reveals the diversity of 3D fault geometry. Analysis demonstrates that mapped fault geometries depend on geological controls, primarily the heterogeneity of the faulted sequence and the presence of a pre-existing structure. For example, relay zones with an upward bifurcating geometry are prevalent in faults that reactivate deeper structures, whereas the formation of laterally bifurcating relays is promoted by heterogeneous mechanical stratigraphy. In addition, mapped segmentation depends on resolution limits and biases in fault mapping from seismic data. In particular, the results suggest that the proportion of bifurcating relay zones increases as data resolution increases. Overall, where a significant number of relay zones are mapped on a single fault, a wide variety of relay zone geometries occurs, demonstrating that individual faults can comprise segments that are both bifurcating and unconnected in three dimensions. Models for the geometrical evolution of fault arrays must therefore account for the full range of relay zone geometries that appears to be a characteristic of all faults.</p>

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