Algorithms for verification of characteristic sets of discrete autonomous nD systems with n ≥ 2

Abstract —We consider the isotope-geochemical features of epithermal fluorite deposits in Transbaikalia, including the REE compositions, Sr isotope ratios, Sm–Nd systems, and isotope compositions of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios in fluorites are within 0.706–0.708, and the εNd values are negative. Oxygen in quartz, the main mineral of the deposits, has a light isotope composition (δ18O = –3.4 to +2.6‰), and the calculated isotope composition of oxygen in the fluid in equilibrium with quartz (δ18O = –9 to –16‰) indicates the presence of meteoric water. The latter is confirmed by analysis of the isotope compositions of oxygen and hydrogen in gas–liquid inclusions in fluorites from three deposits. These isotope compositions are due to recycling caused by the impact of shallow basic plutons. The isotope composition of sulfur indicates its deep source. During ascent, sulfur became enriched in its light isotope (δ34S = –1.8 to –7.7‰). We assess the association of fluorite ores with basaltoids widespread in the study area. The isotope and geochemical parameters suggest their spatial proximity. Probably, the basaltoids were responsible for the recycling of meteoric water. It is shown that the epithermal fluorite deposits formed by the same mechanism as fissure–vein thermal waters in western Transbaikalia.

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Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disorders

10.2310/im.1264 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Graham T McMahon ◽

Robert G. Dluhy

Keyword(s):

Chronic Care ◽

Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Endocrine Disease ◽

Endocrine Diseases ◽

Characteristic Sets ◽

Patients Experience

The distribution of hormones throughout the human body results in presentations of endocrine disease that are diffuse and variable. Although some endocrine syndromes result in characteristic sets of symptoms and features, most patients experience a limited number of components of the syndrome and may note symptoms that are not typically syndromic. This review discusses presentations of endocrine diseases and the endocrine patient. Specific attention is given to endocrine testing, which can be achieved by measuring the hormone itself, stimulating or suppressing a hormone feedback loop, or measuring peripheral hormone receptor function. The chronic care relationship is explored as many patients with endocrine diseases require extended chronic care to achieve control of abnormal hormonal systems. The dependency on chronic care necessitates that endocrinologists develop particular expertise in managing illnesses over the long term. Tables list hormones and their associated syndromes, clusters of contrasting symptoms and signs of over- and underactivity of the thyroid and adrenal glands, approaches to endocrine testing and treatment, and variability in selected hormone concentrations over time. Figures show diagnostic criteria related to hypercalcemia, growth hormone deficiency, acromegaly, and adrenal incidentaloma. The chronic care model is also represented. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 4 tables, and 12 references.

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