The geothermal sector has a strength point with respect to other renewable energy sources: the availability of a wide range of both thermal and power applications depending on the source temperature. Several researches have been focused on the possibility to produce geothermal energy without brine extraction, by means of a deep borehole heat exchanger. This solution may be the key to increase the social acceptance, to reduce the environmental impact of geothermal projects, and to exploit unconventional geothermal systems, where the extraction of brine is technically complex. In this work, exergy efficiency has been used to investigate the best utilization strategy downstream of the deep borehole heat exchanger. Five configurations have been analyzed: a district heating plant, an absorption cooling plant, an organic Rankine cycle, a cascade system composed of district heat and absorption chiller, and a cascade system composed of the organic Rankine plant. District heating results in a promising and robust solution: it ensures high energy capacities per well depth and high exergy efficiency. Power production shows performances in line with typical geothermal binary plants, but the system capacity per well depth is low and the complexity increases both irreversibilities and sensibility to operative and source conditions.
Numerical simulation of a Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger in the Krafla geothermal system
