Arterial remodeling in response to sustained alterations in blood pressure and/or flow induces changes in vessel geometry, structure, and composition. In conditions of hypertension and elevated blood flow, remodeling results in increased vessel mass that is distributed in a manner to maintain the local mechanical environment of the vascular cells at a baseline state. A majority of theoretical studies on remodeling have assumed that new mass is formed via a proportional production of load-bearing constituents, namely elastin, collagen, and smooth muscle. Therefore, when the vascular tissue is considered as a constrained mixture of these structural components, their mass fractions do not change as a result of remodeling. However, increased arterial mass is primarily attributed to smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and upregulated collagen production, implying a change in the mass fractions of all constituents and therefore the tissue mechanical properties [1]. Moreover, few papers account for remodeling-induced changes in the configuration and/or orientation of collagen fibers, both of which may also alter tissue mechanical properties. The objective of this study is to build a mathematical model that enables evaluation of the effects of mass redistribution among structural components and changes in collagen fiber configuration on the geometrical outputs of arterial remodeling.
Alteration of ultrasonic signatures by stress-induced changes in hydro-mechanical properties of fractured rocks