Titanium dioxide nanoparticle ingestion alters nutrient absorption in an in vitro model of the small intestine

We have investigated the survival and activity of GanedenBC30 during passage through the upper gastro-intestinal tract. GanedenBC30 was tested in a dynamic, validated, in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1) on survival and its potential to aid in digestion of milk protein, lactose and fructose. The survival of GanedenBC30 was high (70%), although germination of the spores was minimal (<10%) under the conditions tested. Survival of the strain in the presence of lactose and fructose was markedly lower (56-59%) than in the absence of the sugars. The amount of digested milk protein available for absorption was somewhat higher (+0.2 g) when GanedenBC30 was added to the milk. When GanedenBC30 was tested with lactose or fructose added to the meal, the cumulative amount of lactate produced was slightly higher (+0.12-0.18 mmol) compared to the GanedenBC30 alone. In conclusion, although the differences in survival of GanedenBC30 are small, these results show the potential of GanedenBC30 to aid in protein digestion and in the digestion of lactose and fructose. If a larger fraction of the Bacillus coagulans cells had germinated, the influence on protein and carbohydrate digestion would probably have been much greater. Importance of the findings: the potential of GanedenBC30 to aid in the digestion of lactose and fructose could be used to prevent occurrence of intestinal symptoms in individuals sensitive to these carbohydrates.

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Development of an Advanced Primary Human In Vitro Model of the Small Intestine

Tissue Engineering Part C Methods ◽

10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0101 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 873-883 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Matthias Schweinlin ◽

Sabine Wilhelm ◽

Ivo Schwedhelm ◽

Jan Hansmann ◽

Rene Rietscher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Vitro Model

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Survival of a probiotic-containing product using capsule-within-capsule technology in an in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1)

Beneficial Microbes ◽

10.3920/bm2019.0209 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 403-409

Author(s):

K. Venema ◽

J. Verhoeven ◽

C. Beckman ◽

D. Keller

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Additional Benefit ◽

Outer Capsule ◽

Probiotic Strains ◽

Human Adults ◽

Similar Survival ◽

Vitro Model

The aim of the research was to compare the survival of a blend of five probiotic strains (2 bifidobacteria and 3 lactobacilli) in a capsule within capsule (Duocap®) containing Ahiflower® oil, as compared to the strains in the powder (with or without Ahiflower oil), or the strains when present in the inner capsule only. This was tested in a validated, dynamic in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1), simulating human adults. Experiments were performed both in the gastric compartment of the model, as well as in the complete system (stomach + small intestine). Survival of the strains after transit through the gastric compartment in the Duocap capsule was higher by about a factor of 1.5 compared to the other 3 variables. In these gastric experiments, the Ahiflower oil did not seem to have an additional benefit, in the sense that it did not increase survival over the strains alone. After transit through the complete gastrointestinal tract survival was approximately 2-fold higher for the strains within the Duocap capsule, compared to the strains within the inner capsule or the powder. In these experiments, Ahiflower oil did have an additional benefit. The survival of the strains in the combination of powder with Ahiflower oil showed a similar survival as that of the Duocap, although in the first few hours of the experiments survival of both species lagged behind, and only caught up at the end of the test. In conclusion, the developed capsule-in-capsule technology increased the amount of viable cells in the upper gastrointestinal tract, mainly due to the presence of the polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in the outer capsule, which particularly protected the blend of probiotics in the small intestine.

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