Introduction. Chilaiditi's syndrome is a rare condition manifested by
gastrointestinal symptoms, and radiologically verified by transposition of
the large intestine loop. This radiological finding with no manifested
symptoms is termed the Chilaiditi's sign. The aim of this case report was to
remind the clinicians of the possibility of this rare syndrome, whose
symptoms and signs may be misinterpreted and inadequately treated, with
consequent diverse complications. Case report. We presented the theoretical
facts and a patient in whom the diagnosis of Chilaiditi's syndrome was
established incidentally, when hospitalized for an exacerbation of his
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Chilaiditi's sign was verified as
an incidental finding on chest X-ray performed to evaluate the primary
disease. Conclusion. Chilaiditi's syndrome is a benign condition which rarely
requires surgery. Its clinical importance lies in adequate differential
diagnostic approach and timely management of potentially serious
complications.